Top-down control

Lisman, J.E. and Fallon, J.R. (1999). What maintains memories Science, 283, 339-340 McGaugh, J.L. (2000). Memory - a century of consolidation. Science, 287, 248-251 Miyashita, Y. (2004). Cognitive memory cellular and network machineries and their top-down control. Science, 306, 435-440... 

Halpem BS, Cottenie K, Broitman BR (2006) Strong top-down control in southern California kelp forest ecosystems. Science 312 1230-1232... 

METABOLIC CONTROL ANALYSIS TOP-DOWN CONTROL ANALYSIS Metabolic flux,... 

In REM sleep we see this reciprocity at the brain function level. The emotional brain (amygdala) is hyperactive. The executive brain (frontal cortex) is hypoactive. Result emotion is in the saddle. Rational thought is struggling—and failing—to get control of the runaway horse that is the dream. "Don t lose your temper, you say to yourself. This mantra says it all. If you can t maintain top-down control, your emotional brain will get the better of you. 

Woodley, J. D., Sea-urchins exert top-down control of macroalgae on Jamaican coral reefs (1), Coral Reefs, 18, 192, 1999. 

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain. It lies in front of the motor and premotor areas. The PFC is divided into the lateral, orbitofrontal, and medial prefrontal areas (Barbas and Pandya, 1987, 1989). Comprehensive reviews of this structure and functions of the PFC have been published in various forms (Fuster, 1997 Goldman-Rakic, 1987 Miller and Cohen, 2001 Passingham, 1993 Tanji and Hoshi, 2008). The PFC possesses a wealth of anatomical connectivity with multiple cortical and subcortical areas, and is involved in broad aspects of behavioral control. The PFC has been implicated in complex cognitive behaviors, social behaviors, and personality expression. Recent studies of this area have revealed its role in the control of a much broader spectrum of functions, such as cross-modal and cross-temporal association of information, in the executive control of behavior, and in the top-down control of neural networks involving the cortical and subcortical areas. Among them, the executive control of action was a term coined to capture various aspects of PFC function. 

Ainscow, E.K. and Brand, M.D. (1995) Top-down control analysis of systems with more than one common intermediate. Eur. J. Biochem. 231, 579-586. 

Trophic cascade effects (top-down control of food webs by predators leading to alternating high/low abundance of each subsequent lower trophic level) can alter the amount and type of N released and regenerated. Copepods can control the... 

Lotze, H., Worm, B., Sommer, U., 2001. Strong bottom-up and top-down control of early life stages of macroalgae. Limnology Oceanography, 46(4), 749-757. 

Rudstam, L. G., Aneer, G., Hilden, M., 1994. Top-down control in the pelagic Baltic ecosystem. Dana, 10, 105-129. 

Quant, P.A., D. Robin, P. Robin, J. Girard M.D. Brand (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1156, 135-143. A top-down control analysis in isolated rat-liver mitochondria—Can the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA pathway be rate-controlling for ketogenesis ... 

Quant, P.A. (1993) Trends Biochem. Sci. 18,26-30. Experimental application of top-down control analysis to metabolic systems. 

Ohva, A., Torralha, A.B., Castelhano, M.S. and Henderson, J.M. (2003) Top-down control of visual attention in ohject detection. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 1253-1256. 

When people s feeUngs of importance related to safety increase, their personal responsibiUty for safety also increases. So a rationale for decreasing top-down control over safety is that enforcement or punishment procedures decrease the recipient s sense of importance. And the strategies reviewed above for increasing feeUngs of empowerment also enhance personal perceptions of importance. 

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