Peripherals control interfaces

The micro-PIV setup consists of four main components an illumination system, an optical system, a coupled charge device (CCD) camera, and a control system. The control system consists of a peripheral component interface (PCI) card, and its corresponding software is implemented in a personal computer. The computer can control and synchronize all actimis related to illumination and image recording. The schematic of the setup is illustrated in Fig. 2. 

Negretti Automation also supplies the Negretti Mark 8 Mooney viscometer which is a computer-controlled instrument offering improved temperature control, repeatability, hard copy of result, statistical memory, and peripheral computer interface. 

Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) and Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus (IIC or fc or I2C) These are industry-standard input/output interfaces and are becoming more common in the FPA world as control interfaces to ROICs. Many embedded microprocessors implement these two interfaces in their architecture this makes them attractive for use in an ROIC. This can simplify the camera control electronics design since most cameras have embedded microprocessors in them already. 

Host computers. These are the most powerful computers in the system, capable of performing func tions not normally available in other units. They act as the arbitrator unit to route internodal communications. An operator interface is supported and various peripheral devices are coordinated. Computationally intensive tasks, such as optimization or advanced control strategies, are processed here. 

When considering automating the sample preparation steps and interfacing with chromatographic systems, laboratory robotics has been the method of choice. A laboratory robotics system has a robotic arm and controller, a computer linked to a controller or connected directly to the robotic arm, and application peripherals for performing specific functions in the application process. 

A ruggedized PC is used for control of the mass spectrometer and the peripheral modules as well as for the acquisition, processing, storage, evaluation, and output of measured data. The Bruker ATLIF transputer interface card works as the interface to the mass spectrometer. 

In most systems the interface contains a switching device to multiplex other signals from the MS such as the total ionization and magnetic field sensing voltages used in certain aspects of data processing. Directed by an operator from an input terminal, the data are processed in the CPU under the control of programmes stored in a peripheral device. 

For some ports, the computer s operating system—the ROM which controls the machine s functions—provides routines that handle much or all of the "dirty work" of communicating with peripheral devices. To use other ports, you must program all the necessary support routines yourself. That task can range from very easy (for example, reading a joystick) to quite complex (interfacing with a parallel printer through the user port, for example). 

This port (sometimes called the RS-232 or modem port) was designed with the experimenter in mind. Just as the memory expansion port gives you access to a number of the microprocessor s control lines, this port gives you access to many of the control lines of one of the interface adapter chips. Using these lines, a wide variety of peripherals could be connected, since both serial and eight-bit parallel communications are available. 

Centronics parallel interface A standard 36-pin interface in the PC world for the exchange of information between the PC and a peripheral, such as a printer, originally developed by the printer manufacturer Centronics, Inc. The standard defines eight parallel data lines, plus additional lines for status and control information. 

PCI Abbreviation for Peripheral Component Interconnect. A specification introduced by Intel that defines a local bus that allows up to 10 PCI-compliant expansion cards to be plugged into the computer. One of these 10 cards must be the PCI controller card, but the others can include a video card, network interface card, SCSI interface, or any other basic input/output function. The PCI controller exchanges information with the computer s processor as 32- or 64-bits and allows intelligent PCI adapters to perform certain tasks concurrently with the main processor by using bus mastering techniques. 

FX2 (C67C68013), which integrates the USB 2.0 transceiver, serial interface engine (SIE), enhanced 8051 microcontroller, and a programmable peripheral interface into a single chip. This is a very cost-effective solution that shortens development time and provides a small foot print for use in a mobile platform. Although not important in this application, the FX2 can be operated at the maximum USB 2.0 data rate of 45 Mbytes/s. The 8051 microcontroller nms software that can be downloaded to an internal RAM via the USB or from an EPROM (Atmel 240164). Additionally, the 8051 microcontroller has three high speed coimter/timers, which provide data acquisition and control of various components as discussed below. 

Classical (0. .. 5V) PWM = Puls Width Modulation PAS = Peripheral Acceleration Sensorconnection CAN = Control Area Network LIN = Local Interconnect Network BSI = Bit Synchronous Interface SPI = Serial Peripheral interface... 

For bus systems there are several standard or quasi-standard bus structures available. For high-speed connection you can use the popular automotive CAN bus (control area network) or the SPI interface (serial peripheral interface) often used to connect the sensor to the microcontroller inside the control unit For lower speeds the LIN bus (local interconnect network) is available. In both cases a microcontroller inside the sensor unit is necessary, which works with a stable quartz clock frequency. 

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