Voltage sensing

The voltage-sense voltage divider is started by selecting a sense current through the divider. I will use 1 mA. The lower resistor (R3) becomes... 

In most systems the interface contains a switching device to multiplex other signals from the MS such as the total ionization and magnetic field sensing voltages used in certain aspects of data processing. Directed by an operator from an input terminal, the data are processed in the CPU under the control of programmes stored in a peripheral device. 

In both cases the output is proportional to AC/Cg and the sense voltage Vs. Increasing the sense voltage results in higher sensitivity but is limited by supply voltage, electrostatic force exerted on the variable capacitor, and pull-in. 

Note that in general, a transfer function need not be Volts/Volts (dimensionless). In fact, neither the input nor the output of a two-port network need necessarily be voltage, or even similar quantities. For example, a two-port network can be as simple as a current sense resistor. Its input is the current flowing into it, and its output is the sensed voltage across it. So, its transfer function has the units of voltage divided by current, that is, resistance. Later, when we analyze a power supply in more detail, we will see that its pulse width modulator ( PWM ) section for example, has an input that is called the control voltage , but its output is the dimensionless quantity — duty cycle (of the converter). So the transfer function in this case has the units of Volts-1. 

Voltage Sensing Voltage X Machining voltage X (Sensing voltage)... 

Physieal models and equivalent circuit representations for conducting polymer actuators and sensors are presented, including mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical descriptions. The underlying concept of most models is that strain is proportional to charge density, and sense voltage is proportional to stress. Dynamics are determined by the rate of charge transfer, as well as the mechanical properties of... 

The scope of the directive covers the design, manufacture and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and assemblies with a maximum allowable pressure greater than 0,5 bar. A pressure equipment in the sense of the directive is any vessel, piping, safety accessory or pressure accessory. An assembly means several pieces of pressure equipment assembled by a manufacturer to constitute an integrated and functional whole. It is important to be aware that the directive relates exclusively to the pressure risk and that therefore other directives, such as for machinery, low voltage may be applicable to the equipment concerned. 

Note One should employ only current sensing relays as far as possible for such applications as a iiegatise sequence current has a severe effect on motor windings due to i much lower negative sequence impedance of the motor (.Section I2.2(v)i thtin a corresponding negative sequence voltage. 

The basic principle of this relay is the sensing of the phase displacement between the fundamental waveforms of the voltage and current waves of a power circuit. Harmonic quantities are filtered out when present in the... 

The above bypass facility can also be achieved with the use of a thyristor switch, which may be made current sensing or voltage sensing. 

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