Reviews and discussions

The books by Kirkland and Snyder and Kirkland give valuable introductions to the subject. Review papers have been written by Oster , Guiochon, Veening,  

McNair and Chandler, Polesuk and Howery, Wehrli, Schomburg and KrejEl et 

Comparative studies of detectors based on different principles were carried 

General aspects of LC detection were discussed by Scott and Kucera connecting 

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Gravimetric, photometric, chromatographic, enzymatic, and microbiological methods for the determination of amino acids are reviewed and discussed. Marked advances have been made during the present decade in methods applicable to the determination of amino acids, and with the development of new analytical methods it should soon be possible to determine all the amino acids of biological importance with a degree of accuracy sufficient for practical as well as many theoretical purposes. 

There have been many reviews and discussions of the crystal chemistry of the Laves phases (among the more recent see Berry Raynor, 1953 Laves, 1956 Elliott Rostoker, 1958 Bardos, Gupta Beck, 1961 Dwight, 1961 Nevitt, 1963) but none of these explicitly discuss what we find to be their most remarkable features ... 

Different methods available for material recycling of plastics waste into raw materials for the chemical industry are reviewed and discussed. The technical problems, energy efficiencies and cost efficiencies of the processes are examined. 35 refs. 

In this paper mainly the results on Pt/Cu will be reviewed and discussed. However, also some other Ft alloys will be mentioned briefly. 

Considerable effort has gone into learning how to hydrogenate the C=0 bond and retain the C=C bond to produce a,p-unsaturated alcohols (allylic alcohols), which are useful in the fine chemicals industry. Early works toward selectively hydrogenating the C=0 bond have been reviewed and discussed.146 An excellent review was published in 1995.147... 

Two recent articles (Hammond and Frick 2007, Zimmer and Hammond 2007) review and discuss the potential importance that lutein and zeaxanthin have for the developing retina. Indeed, the... 

The calculations were subsequently extended to moderate surface charges and electrolyte concentrations.8 The compact-layer capacitance, in this approach, clearly depends on the nature of the solvent, the nature of the metal electrode, and the interaction between solvent and metal. The work8,109 describing the electrodesolvent system with the use of nonlocal dielectric functions e(x, x ) is reviewed and discussed by Vorotyntsev, Kornyshev, and coworkers.6,77 With several assumptions for e(x,x ), related to the Thomas-Fermi model, an explicit expression6 for the compact-layer capacitance could be derived ... 

Here, some recent studies of the electrochemical and photo-electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide as well as some other related subjects will be reviewed and discussed. Attention is focused especially on the work done in the last ten years, to avoid duplication of previous review articles.2,4... 

Arica et al. [134] reviewed and discussed the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of primaquine diphosphate. 

The sol-gel synthesis of siloxane-based hybrid organic-inorganic implants usually involves di- or trifunctional organosilanes co-condensed with metal alkoxides, mainly Si(OR)4 and Ti(OR)4. As we will see in this section, the incorporation of Ca salts is a common strategy to provide bioactivity at the systems. Each of these components has specific roles that will be reviewed and discussed. 

Abstract. The Milky Way harbours two disks that appear distinct concerning scale-heights, kinematics, and elemental abundance patterns. Recent years have seen a surge of studies of the elemental abundance trends in the disks using high resolution spectroscopy. Here I will review and discuss the currently available data. Special focus will also be put on how we define stars to be members of either disk, and how current models of galaxy formation favour that thick disks are formed from several accreted bodies. The ability for the stellar abundance trends to test such predictions are discussed. 

In this chapter, we demonstrate the potential of such agents as catalysts/promoters in key steps for the derivatization of sugars. The most significant catalytic approaches in carbohydrate chemistry that use aluminosilicate porous materials, namely zeolites and montmorillonite clays, are reviewed and discussed. Silica gel is a porous solid silicate that has also been used for heterogeneous catalysis of organic reactions in general. We include here its usefulness as promoter and reagent support for the reactions under consideration. 

The nonlinear optical properties of novel, soluble polydiacetylenes are reviewed and discussed. 

Abstract During the past decade, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has had a tremendous impact on the synthesis of macromolecules with well-defined compositions, architectures, and functionalities. Structural features of copper and copper(II) complexes with bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate, and multidentate nitrogen-based ligands commonly utilized in ATRP are reviewed and discussed. Additionally, recent advances in mechanistic understanding of copper-mediated ATRP are outlined. 

Rheological properties of microgels used in automotive coatings have been reviewed and discussed in [348]. 

Albers, PH. 1983. Effects of oil on avian reproduction a review and discussion. Pages 78-96 in The Effects of Oil on Birds. A Multidiscipline Symposium. Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE. 

A comprehensive review and discussion of studies investigating serotonergic modulation of spinal reflexes has been presented previously (10). This section... 

The review and discussion cited in this paper on different aspects of homestead agroforestry production system revealed that it appeared a potential area for improving production and income of the rural households of Bangladesh. The paper clearly stated how homestead agroforestry production system meets the diversified... 

Several aspects of the preparation of high purity rare earth metals, and of the role that impurities may play in defining their properties have been reviewed and discussed by K. Gschneidner, with a special reference to the work carried out in the highly specialized Ames laboratory in the Iowa State University (USA). 

Morris et al. 2006). The data concerning the ternary system Al-Fe-Ti have been reviewed and discussed by Palm and Lacaze (2006) the assessments of the limiting binary systems (especially of Ti-Al and Fe-Al) have also been reported and commented. The Fe-Ni and Ti-Fe systems have been examined and discussed in papers dedicated to the assessment of Ti-Fe-Ni alloys (Cacciamani et al. 2006, Riani et al. 2006). 

In the present chapter we shall attempt to review and discuss the published literature pertaining to three questions ... 

The presence of some surfactants or their by-products in the aquatic environment has been considered as a potential marker of pollution [45, 325]. Thus, the presence of alkylbenzene sulfonates in groundwater has been used as an indicator of the age of the groundwater [358]. Linear alkylbenzenes can act as tracers of domestic waste in the marine environment [34,35,359,360] and trial-kylamines as indicators of urban sewage in sludge, coastal waters, and sediments [17,33,45,325, 327, 346,361]. Analysis, identification, and characterization of surfactants are extensively reviewed and discussed by Aboul-Kassim and Simoneit [314], while pollution problems associated with these compounds are reviewed by Aboul-Kassim and Simoneit [356]. 

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