Pellagra Dermatitis

Pellagra Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia None High doses of niacin used to treat hyperlipidemia... 

Nicotinic acid (niacin) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Oxidation-reduction Pellagra (dermatitis, depression, diarrhea)... 

Niacin or nicotinic acid (Vitamin B5) Meat, liver, cereals, legumes Pellagra. Dermatitis when exposed to sunlight, weakness, insomnia, impaired digestion, diarrhea, dementia, irritability, memory loss, headaches. 

Nicotinic, acid Nicotinarnide adenine Oxidation-reduction Pellagra (dermatitis. 

Niacin Pellagra dermatitis, dementia, glossitis. Urinary niacin Flushing and Gl distress can be seen with... 

Hegyi, J., Schwartz, R.A., and Hegyi, V., 2004a. Pellagra dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. International Journal of Dermatology. 43 1-5. 

Niacin Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide Coenzyme in oxidation and reduction reactions, functional part of NAD and NADP Pellagra—photosensitive dermatitis, depressive psychosis... 

Pellagra is characterized by a photosensitive dermatitis. As the condition progresses, there is dementia, possibly... 

The last of the B vitamins to be identified in the water-soluble vitamin complex from milk was pyridoxine, vitamin B6 (Birch and Gyorgy, 1936). This was needed to prevent a type of dermatitis in rats which was different from pellagra or acrodynia and could be accompanied by convulsions. Much of the early work on the mode of action of this vitamin came from experiments on microbial metabolism (Chapter 6). 

Niacin (Bj) Dehydrogenases Many Pellagra diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, and, if not treated, death... 

A deficiency of niacin in the diet results in the disease known as pellagra, characterized by the four D s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. In the early years of the twentieth century in the United States, pellagra was common among poor tenant farmers and mill workers in the rural South. The diet there at that time was rich in com that contained little niacin and little available tryptophan from which to synthesize it. 

Oxidation of nicotine with chromic acid led to the isolation of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, which was given the trivial name nicotinic acid. We now find that nicotinic acid derivatives, especially nicotinamide, are biochemically important. Nicotinic acid (niacin) is termed vitamin B3, though nicotinamide is also included under the umbrella term vitamin B3 and is the preferred material for dietary supplements. It is common practice to enrich many foodstuffs, including bread, flour, corn, and rice products. Deficiency in nicotinamide leads to pellagra, which manifests itself in diarrhoea, dermatitis, and dementia. 

Deficiency - Pellagra is a state of niacin deficiency characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (manifestations of mucous membranes, Gl system, and CNS). In severe cases, confusion, delusions, disorientation, and hallucinations may occur. 

Hartnup disorder exhibits symptoms similar to pellagra (niacin deficiency), characterized by three of the "four D s" diarrhea, dermatitis (a red, scaly rash), dementia (intermittent ataxia), and death... 

Nicotinamide deficiency leads to pellagra [pelle agra (Italian) = rough skin], which manifests itself in dermatitis (skin rash), pigmentation, a red and inflamed tongue, diarrhea, and weakness. People who consume large amounts of corn in an unbalanced diet are prone to develop the disease. 

Pellagra (characterized by diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia). Clinical deficiency is not known (has role in biosynthesis of corticosteroids). 

Pellagra is often characterized by mental abnormalities such as anxiety, irritability, and depression. The classic symptoms of pellagra are known as the 4 Ds -dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death. Inflammation of mucosal surfaces, weakness, anorexia, and other gastrointestinal disturbances are also seen. Niacin (300 to 500 mg per day) is the definitive therapy. 

Nicotine forms a number of metabolites in the body, mainly in the liver. Approximate 75% of nicotine is oxidized to cotinine, which is the primary nicotine metabolite. Cotinine can be measured in the blood, urine, and saliva and this is used as a measure of nicotine exposure in tobacco users and in those exposed to secondhand smoke. The oxidation of nicotine also produces nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid is vitamin B3 and has the common name niacin. Niacin deficiency results in a disease called pellagra, which is found in certain malnourished populations. Pellagras symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, sensitivity to light, and dementia. 

The classical niacin deficiency disease is pellagra, which is characterized by symptoms including diarrhoea, dermatitis, dementia and eventually death. High-protein diets are rarely deficient in niacin since, in addition to the preformed vitamin, such diets supply sufficient tryptophan to meet dietary requirements. Large doses of niacin can cause the dilation of capillaries, resulting in a painful tingling sensation. 

Deficiency of niacin A deficiency of niacin causes pellagra, a ds-ease involving the skin, gastrointestinal (Gl) tract, and CNS. Tie symptoms of pellagra progress through the three Ds dermatitis diarrhea, dementia, and, if untreated, death. 

Riboflavin was found to be most responsible for the stimulation of rat growth, while vitamin B6 was needed to prevent a facial dermatitis or "rat pellagra." Pantothenic acid was especially effective in curing a chick dermatitis, while nicotinamide was required to cure human pellagra. Biotin was required for growth of yeast. 

In 1937, Elvehjem and coworkers demonstrated that nicotinic acid cured canine "blacktongue." In the same year it was found to cure human pellagra, a terrible disease characterized by weakness, indigestion, and loss of appetite followed by dermatitis,... 

The classical deficiency syndrome is pellagra with the triad of dermatitis, diarrhoea, and dementia.29,115 The recommended daily allowance is 14 to 18 mg.112... 

Vitamin B3 is a pyridine compound found in fish, meat, liver, cereal husks, nuts, and pulses. Niacin deficiency produces pellagra, which manifests as dermatitis, diarrhea with enteritis, nausea and vomiting, dementia with headache, insomnia, loss of memory, and disturbances of motor and sensory neurons. Anemia and hypoprotcincrnia are common in pellagra chronic alcoholics have more tendency to suffer from pellagra. Com eaters suffer from pellagra because com... 

Pellagra was first described as mal de la rosa in Asturias in central Spain by Casal in 1735. He observed that the condition was apparently related to diet and was distinct from scurvy and other then known causes of superficially similar dermatitis. The name pellagra was coined by the Italian physician Frapolli in 1771 to describe the most striking feature of the disease the roughened, sunburn-like appearance of the skin. Pellagra became common in Europe... 

Pellagra is characterized by a photosensitive dermatitis, like severe sunburn, typically with a butterfly-like pattern of distribution over the face, affecting aU parts of the skin that are exposed to sunlight. Similar skin lesions may also occur in areas not exposed to sunlight, but subject to pressure, such as the knees, elbows, wrists, and ankles. Advanced pellagra is also accompanied by a dementia or depressive psychosis, and there may be diarrhea. Untreated pellagra is fatal. 

DEFICIENCY Pellagra. Niacin may be produced from tryptophan (1-8). Niacin deficiency therefore is most likely in persons with low intake of both niacin and tryptophan. People who eat mainly com may develop niacin deficiency as com is low in tryptophan. In pellagra, the patient develops the 3 D s Diarrhea, Dermatitis, and Dementia. Diagnostic testing is difficult and may best be done by seeing improvement with niacin ingestion. 

Nicotinate (also called niacin or vitamin Bg) is derived from tryptophan. Human beings can synthesize the required amount of nicotinate if the supply of tryptophan in the diet is adequate. However, nicotinate must be obtained directly if the dietary intake of tryptophan is low. A dietary deficiency of tryptophan and nicotinate can lead to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. An endocrine tumor that consumes large amounts of tryptophan in synthesizing the hormone and neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) can lead to pellagralike symptoms. 

Deficiency in niacin causes pellagra (rough skin). Pellagra involves the skin and digestive cmd nervous system. Symptoms are the 4 D s Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death. Niacin also has vasodilating activity. 

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