Pellagra Diarrhea

Niacin (Bj) Dehydrogenases Many Pellagra diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, and, if not treated, death... 

A deficiency of niacin in the diet results in the disease known as pellagra, characterized by the four D s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. In the early years of the twentieth century in the United States, pellagra was common among poor tenant farmers and mill workers in the rural South. The diet there at that time was rich in com that contained little niacin and little available tryptophan from which to synthesize it. 

Deficiency - Pellagra is a state of niacin deficiency characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (manifestations of mucous membranes, Gl system, and CNS). In severe cases, confusion, delusions, disorientation, and hallucinations may occur. 

Hartnup disorder exhibits symptoms similar to pellagra (niacin deficiency), characterized by three of the "four D s" diarrhea, dermatitis (a red, scaly rash), dementia (intermittent ataxia), and death... 

Nicotinamide deficiency leads to pellagra [pelle agra (Italian) = rough skin], which manifests itself in dermatitis (skin rash), pigmentation, a red and inflamed tongue, diarrhea, and weakness. People who consume large amounts of corn in an unbalanced diet are prone to develop the disease. 

Pellagra is often characterized by mental abnormalities such as anxiety, irritability, and depression. The classic symptoms of pellagra are known as the 4 Ds -dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death. Inflammation of mucosal surfaces, weakness, anorexia, and other gastrointestinal disturbances are also seen. Niacin (300 to 500 mg per day) is the definitive therapy. 

Nicotine forms a number of metabolites in the body, mainly in the liver. Approximate 75% of nicotine is oxidized to cotinine, which is the primary nicotine metabolite. Cotinine can be measured in the blood, urine, and saliva and this is used as a measure of nicotine exposure in tobacco users and in those exposed to secondhand smoke. The oxidation of nicotine also produces nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid is vitamin B3 and has the common name niacin. Niacin deficiency results in a disease called pellagra, which is found in certain malnourished populations. Pellagras symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, sensitivity to light, and dementia. 

Deficiency of niacin A deficiency of niacin causes pellagra, a ds-ease involving the skin, gastrointestinal (Gl) tract, and CNS. Tie symptoms of pellagra progress through the three Ds dermatitis diarrhea, dementia, and, if untreated, death. 

Pellagra Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia None High doses of niacin used to treat hyperlipidemia... 

Niacin (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide) has the active forms NAD and NADPH. It functions in electron transfer. A deficiency of niacin causes pellagra, which is characterized by der matitis, diarrhea, and dementia. There is no known toxicity for this vitamin. High doses of niacin are used to treat hyperlipidemia. 

Symptoms of deficiency include diarrhea and mouth sores, pellagra (in extreme cases). 

Vitamin B3 is a pyridine compound found in fish, meat, liver, cereal husks, nuts, and pulses. Niacin deficiency produces pellagra, which manifests as dermatitis, diarrhea with enteritis, nausea and vomiting, dementia with headache, insomnia, loss of memory, and disturbances of motor and sensory neurons. Anemia and hypoprotcincrnia are common in pellagra chronic alcoholics have more tendency to suffer from pellagra. Com eaters suffer from pellagra because com... 

Pellagra is characterized by a photosensitive dermatitis, like severe sunburn, typically with a butterfly-like pattern of distribution over the face, affecting aU parts of the skin that are exposed to sunlight. Similar skin lesions may also occur in areas not exposed to sunlight, but subject to pressure, such as the knees, elbows, wrists, and ankles. Advanced pellagra is also accompanied by a dementia or depressive psychosis, and there may be diarrhea. Untreated pellagra is fatal. 

The diarrhea associated with pellagra is caused by rectal inflammation within 5 to 7 days of starting treatment with niacin, rectal histology is normalized and the diarrhea ceases (Segal et al., 1986). 

DEFICIENCY Pellagra. Niacin may be produced from tryptophan (1-8). Niacin deficiency therefore is most likely in persons with low intake of both niacin and tryptophan. People who eat mainly com may develop niacin deficiency as com is low in tryptophan. In pellagra, the patient develops the 3 D s Diarrhea, Dermatitis, and Dementia. Diagnostic testing is difficult and may best be done by seeing improvement with niacin ingestion. 

Nicotinic acid (niacin) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Oxidation-reduction Pellagra (dermatitis, depression, diarrhea)... 

Nicotinate (also called niacin or vitamin Bg) is derived from tryptophan. Human beings can synthesize the required amount of nicotinate if the supply of tryptophan in the diet is adequate. However, nicotinate must be obtained directly if the dietary intake of tryptophan is low. A dietary deficiency of tryptophan and nicotinate can lead to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. An endocrine tumor that consumes large amounts of tryptophan in synthesizing the hormone and neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) can lead to pellagralike symptoms. 

Niacin or nicotinic acid (Vitamin B5) Meat, liver, cereals, legumes Pellagra. Dermatitis when exposed to sunlight, weakness, insomnia, impaired digestion, diarrhea, dementia, irritability, memory loss, headaches. 

Deficiency in niacin causes pellagra (rough skin). Pellagra involves the skin and digestive cmd nervous system. Symptoms are the 4 D s Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death. Niacin also has vasodilating activity. 

Some of the dreaded nutritional diseases of the past — such as scurvy, pellagra, and pernicious anemia — are discussed in this book. Such contemporary problems as infectious diarrhea, xerophthalmia, protein/energy malnutrition, and folate deficiency are discussed, as are diabetes and cardiovascular disease, two of the most sigf cant nutrition-related diseases. The last two conditions can be controlled in part by dietary intervention. 

Pellagra-associated encephalopathy has been suspected as an adverse effect of isoniazid administration in several patients with tuberculosis. Deficiency of niacin (nicotinic acid) is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Other symptoms can occur, such as seizures, hallucinations, spasticity, and glossitis. Pellagra induced by isoniazid is promoted by malnutrition or a vegetarian diet with low intake of the nicotinamide precursors tryptophan and nicotinic acid. Specific supplementation is essential (10). 

Severe niacin deficiency results in pellagra, which is characterized by the four D s dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. 

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