Peanuts solubility

Peanut FASTKIT ELISA Ver.II for peanut Peanut soluble protein... 

FASPEK KIT for peanut Soluble peanut protein mixture... 

Strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, resembles slaked lime but is more soluble in water (21.83 g per 100 g of water at 100°C). It is a white dehquescent sohd with a specific gravity of 3.62 and a melting point of 375°C. Strontium soaps are made by combining strontium hydroxide with soap stocks, eg, lard, tallow, or peanut oil. The strontium soaps are used to make strontium greases, which are lubricants that adhere to metallic surfaces at high loads and are water-resistant, chemically and physically stable, and resistant to thermal breakdown over a wide temperature range (11). 

Gel electrophoretic patterns of water-soluble proteins in the five peanut flours were determined as previously described (2) and show considerable differences in protein character (Figure 2). In... 

Figure 2. Typical disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of water-soluble proteins from peanut flours. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 2. Copyright 1980, Institute of Food Technologists.

The solubility of C60 and C70 in a series of vegetable oils, namely olive, sunflower, peanut, soybean, linseed and castor oil, has been determined quantitatively spectrophotometrically. Additionally, the solubility of C60 and C70 has been determined quantitatively in the methyl esters of brassica oilseed and only qualitatively in molten cow butter, molten stearic acid and molten behenamide. The experimental results show that the solubility of fullerenes appears to be dependent on the unsaturation level of the fatty acids composing the vegetable oils being lower in oils with higher unsaturation level. The solubility has been found dependent also on the polarizability parameter of the vegetable oils. 

C]PCNB metabolism was studied in vivo with 30-day-old peanut plants grown in nutrient solution that contained 17.6 ppm [I CjPCNB. Plant tissue was extracted with cold 80t methanol 48 hr after final exposure to PCNB. The extracts were made aqueous and partitioned against chloroform at pH 5.5 and against ethyl ether at pH 2. Water-soluble, chloroform-soluble, and ether-soluble metabolites were isolated by various chromatographic methods and identified by mass spectrometry and/or by synthesis. The details of these studies have been published previously (, X ... 

The acetone extracts were diluted 2 1 with water and partitioned against methylene chloride. The methylene chloride-soluble extracts were analyzed by comparative TLC (X). The aqueous phases were concentrated to dryness and dissolved in water that contained 5% acetonitrile and 0.2> acetic acid. These solutions were applied to SEP-PAK cartridges (Waters Associates) and the cartridges were washed with 5-10 ml of water and eluted with 5 ml of 50t acetonitrile. From 90 to 95% of the 1 C was recovered from the cartridges in the 50% acetonitrile eluate. The eluates were concentrated to dryness and dissolved in 18% acetonitrile/1% acetic acid and subjected to HPLC as previously described for PCNB metabolism in peanut roots (6). 

Precursor-product relationships were studied in peanut cell cultures grown in B-5 Medium (8) that contained 2.8 ppm ( ClPCNB and 100 ppm 2,4-D. The liquid shake cultures were harvested after 3 hr, 9 hr, 24 hr, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. The cells were extracted with 80% methanol and the extracts were made aqueous and partitioned against methylene chloride. Water-soluble metabolites were purified by various chromatographic methods and Identified by mass spectrometry in a manner similar... 

Water-soluble residues. Peanut plants treated with [ C]PCNB for H8 hr and harvested after a 48 hr post-treatment incubation, absorbed all but 1.2 of the The roots contained... 

Figure 3. Distribution of C in plant tissues as a function of solubility. Barley, corn, cotton, peanut cell cultures, and soybeans were treated with V C] PCNB for 3 days. Lake water rich in blue green algae was treated for 9 h. Peanut plants were treated for 2 days and subjected to a 2-day post-treatment incubation.

Figure 6. Ether-soluble metabolites isolated from the roots of peanut plants treated with FCNB. This represents 13.7% of the C isolated from the roots.

Figure 9. HPLCs of yvater-soluble extracts from peanut cell cultures treated with [ C] PCNB. Extracts were chromatographed on a column of Ct with a water/ acetonitrile/acetic acid gradient similar to that described previously (6).

Methylene chloride-soluble residues. Methylene chloride-or chloroform-soluble C-labeled products were major residues in all of the plant tissues examined except peanut cell ciiltures (Figure 3). Chloroform-soluble C accounted for 59.2 of the radioactivity isolated from peanut roots 48 hr after treatment with [ C]PCNB. The radioactivity was in the form of PCNB (28.7 ), pentachloroaniline (22.5 ), pentachlorothiophenol (2.6 ) pentachlorothloanlsole (3.1 ) pentachlorothloanlsole sulfoxide (0.5 ) S-(pentachlorophenyl)-2-thioaoetic acid [(S-(PCP)ThioAcetate] (0.5 ) and S-(pentachlorophenyl)-3-thio-2-hydroxypropionic acid [S-(PCP)ThioLactate] (0.2 ) and S-(PCP)Cys (trace) (J), The structures of these compounds are shown in Figure 13. Based on TLC, the last three compounds in this list were classified as polar chloroform- or methylene chloride-soluble residues and the remaining compounds were classified as nonpolar residues. 

The amount of chloroform-soluble C in the roots of peanut plants grown in hydroponics decreased greatly as a function of time. After 33 days, chloroform soluble C accounted for only 5 of the 14C in the roots. This was probably due to metabolism of the remaining PCNB, volatilization of some metabolites, translocation to foliar tissue, and additional metabolism of nonpolar metabolites to polar metabolites or Insoluble residue. Because of volatility, it is possible that chloroform-soluble... 

Figure 13. Structures of chloroform-soluble residues isolated from peanut roots treated with [ C] PCNB. Chloroform-soluble accounted for 59.2% of the in peanut roots.

Methylene chloride-soluble radioactivity accounted for only 4-551 of the applied In peanut cell cultures harvested 3 days after treatment with [ CjPCNB. This value remained fairly constant between 3 days and 14 days. Pentachlorothloanlsole and pentachloroanlllne accounted for 1.1)1 and 3.951 of the applied In the cultures 24 hr after treatment. Pentachloroanlllne Increased to 10.5)1 of the applied In cultures that were not shaken during the 24-hr treatment, Indicating that pentachloroanlllne formation was favored under conditions of low oxygen tension. The enzymatic formation of pentachloroanlllne from PCNB In the presence of NADPH, PAD, and an enzyme from peanut occured only under anaerobic conditions IT). 

Polar methylene chloride-soluble residues. Polar methylene chloride-soluble residues were found In most of the plant tissues treated with [ C]PCNB (Figure 14). These products were only Identified In peanut IT). The polar methylene chloride-soluble metabolites from peanut, S-(PCP)Cys, S-(PCP)ThloAcetate, and S-(PCP)ThloLactate, were probably produced from S-(PCP)GSH by the pathway shown In Figure 15. Intact peanut plants treated with S-[( C)PCP]Cys and harvested 20 days later yielded S-(( C)-PCP]ThloAcetate In T.3% yield however, S-(( C)PCP]ThloLactate was not detected. An S-substltuted 2-thloacetlc acid metabolite has also been reported In the metabolism of EPTC In the rat ( 1 ). 

Figure 14. Methylene chloride- or chloroform-soluble residues were isolated from plant tissues treated with V C] PCNB. All tissues were treated for 3 days except lake water which is rich in blue green algae (9 h), peanut plants (2-day treatment/2-day post-treatment), and peanut cell cultures (1 day).

Boron deficiency is particularly prevalent in light-textured soils in which water-soluble borates are gradually leached down the soil profile and become unavailable to plants. Heavier, more loamy soils tend to retain more boron because they contain an abundance of compounds, such as humic acids, that can complex boron. Certain crop types have higher boron requirements and benefit most from supplementation. These include soybeans, cotton, peanuts, oil palm, apples, and almonds. 

Wehmeyer et al. (1969), Bower et al. (1988), and Amarteifio and Moholo (1998) reported the content of carbohydrate to be 23%, 24%, and 19%, respectively. These values have been obtained indirectly as the difference between 100% and the content of proteins, lipids, and minerals. Holse et al. (2010) found that the content of carbohydrate was dominated by total dietary fiber as it varied between 18.7% and 26.8% dm (Table 5.2). The majority of the dietary fiber is insoluble as only about 4% of the dietary fibers are soluble. Comparing the content of total dietary fiber of morama bean with the content of peanut (9% dm) and soybean (10% dm) (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007), it appears that the morama bean has a considerably higher level of indigestible carbohydrates. Holse et al. (2010) also reported a very low starch content, which is in contrast to other legumes, in which starch is usually the most abundant carbohydrate... 

Multiple regression analysis is a useful statistical tool for the prediction of the effect of pH, suspension percentage, and composition of soluble and insoluble fractions of oilseed vegetable protein products on foam properties. Similar studies were completed with emulsion properties of cottonseed and peanut seed protein products (23, 24, 29, 30, 31). As observed with the emulsion statistical studies, these regression equations are not optimal, and predicted values outside the range of the experimental data should be used only with caution. Extension of these studies to include nonlinear (curvilinear) multiple regression equations have proven useful in studies on the functionality of peanut seed products (33). 

Figure 8. Effect of pH and salt concentration on the foam and protein solubility properties of peanut meal suspensions (25)...

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