Peanut resveratrol

Not direct gene produa however, gene for enzyme (resveratrol synthase) catalyzing synthesis of stilbene phytoalexin in peanut has been cloned. 

Rimando et al., 2004 Sobolev and Cole, 1999 Tokusoglu et al., 2005]. In an adult Spanish cohort resveratrol and piceid, trans and czls-forms, were evaluated. Estimated median and mean of resveratrol and piceid were 100 and 933 pg/day, respectively, of which 98.4, 1.6, and less than 0.1% come from wines, grape and grape juice, and peanuts, pistachios, and berries, respectively [Zamora-Ros et al., 2008]. 

Sobolev YS, Cole RJ. 1999. trans-Resveratrol content in commercial peanuts and peanut products. J Agric Food Chem 47 1435-1439. 

Tokusoglu O, Unal MK, Yemis F. 2005. Determination of the phytoalexin resveratrol (3,5,4 -trihydroxystilbene) in peanuts and pistachios by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). J Agric Food Chem 53 5003-5009. 

Hydroxystilbenes such as resveratrol (Figure 29) have been identified in several unrelated families, including the grapevine Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), peanut Arachis hypogaea (Leguminosae), Veratrum grandifolia... 

Research in our laboratory has focused on cancer prevention in colon and skin by phytochemicals. We have recently studied apigenin, a tri-hydroxy flavone that is widely distributed in plants and resveratrol, a phytoalexin that is found in grapes, wine, peanuts, and Asian herbs. We initially found that topical apigenin inhibited chemically and ultraviolet (UV)-light induced skin cancer and that it was most effective in preventing cancer promotion. 

Some further comments include the fact that resveratrol has been extensively studied at the University of Illinois at Chicago, an institution that is said to have the broadest-based chemoprevention drug discovery program in the world. (Information about resveratrol is also provided by Hoffman, 1999a, p. 214). Some 2500 natural substances have been tested under the direction of pharmacy professor John Pezzuto (who is cited elsewhere as coauthor with Mathew Suffness of a chapter in Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 6, Assays for Bioactivity, pp. 72ff, 116). This anticancer substance (resveratrol) has been identified in over 70 plant species, notably in red-grape skins (and in red wine), but also in mulberries and peanuts. 

Red sandalwood Pterocarpus santalinus has attracted interest as a colourant and contains the colourless components, pterostilbene (34), pterocarpin (35) and homopterocarpin (36) the occurrence of which (ref. 101)and the chemistry (ref. 102) have been reviewed. The nature of the possible involvement of these compounds in the development of colour in sandalwood is not known although quinone and quinone dimer structures seem highly probable. Pterostilbene is the dimethyl ether of resveratrole, a natural widely-occurring phenolic component of many plants including grapes, mulberries and peanuts. The anticancer properties (ref. 103) and beneficial effect on coronary heart disease of this have been intensively studied recently (ref 104). ... 

Resveratrol is found in both the cis and trans configuration in more than 70 plant species, many of which are components of the human diet, including mulberries, peanuts, and grapes [5-7]). Relatively high quantities are available in grapes, possibly because of the response of Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) to fungal infection [8-10]). Resveratrol is found constitutively in the roots and stems but is induced in the leaves and fruits in response to fungal attack (reviewed in Ref. 1). 

Ibern-Gomez M, Roig-Perez S, Lamuela-Raventos RM, de la Torre-Boronat MC. Resveratrol and piceid levels in natural and blended peanut butters. J Agric Pood Chem 2000 48 6352-6354. 

Chen RS, Wu PL, Chiou RY. Peanut roots as a source of resveratrol. J Agric Food Chem 2002 50 1665-1667. 

In 1975 Keen (21) reported that native microflora stimulated production of two antifungal compounds by peanut seeds that were soaked in water, sliced into sections, and incubated for 3-5 days. These compounds were judged to be phytoalexins and were subsequently identified as cis- and trans-isomers of 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-3,5,4 -trihydroxystilbene [1)(5)(Figure 1). Simultaneously, Ingham (6) reported the isolation of cis- and trans-resveratrol(3,5,4 trihydroxy stilbene[2] ) from peanut hypocotyls. Additional stilbenes have been shown to be produced by peanut seeds in response to wounding, and these include 4- (3-methyl-but-1-enyl) -3,5,3, 4 -tetra-hydroxystilbene [3](7), 4-(3-methyl-but-l-enyl)-3,5,4 -trihydroxy-... 

Unnikrishnan et al. [100] reported the fabrication of a selective voltammetric sensor for the determination of chlorpromazine (an antipsychotic drug) using GCE modified with MWCNT-PEI, in the presence of uric acid (UA), Do, and acetaminophen. The GCE/MWCNT-PEI platform was also employed for the quantification in batch of flavonoid compounds in onion samples [135] and peanut hull samples [136], and as a detector in capillary electrophoresis, for the simultaneous detection of eight polyphenols (t-resveratrol, (-i-)-catechin, quercetin and /)-coumaric, caffeic, sinapic, ferulic, and gallic acids) in Spanish white wines [137]. 

Resveratrol (3,5,4 -trihydroxystilbene C14H12O3, molecular weight 228.25 g/mol) is a non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound abundant in grapes, peanuts, and other foods that are commonly consumed as part of the human diet [29]. The compound was first isolated from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum, a plant used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine [30]. Resveratrol (Fig. Ic) exists as two structural isomers cis- Z) and trans- E). The traws-isomer is biologically more active than the cis-isomer, probably due to its non-planar conformation [31, 32]. Despite its poor water solubility, resveratrol exhibits high membrane permeability and can be... 

The plant polyphenol trani-resveratrol (3, 5, 4 -trihydroxystilbene), mainly found in grape, peanut, and other few plants, displays a wide range of biological effects. Numerous in vitro studies have described various biological effects of resveratrol. In order to provide more information regarding absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of resveratrol, different research approaches... 

Medina-Bolivar F, Condori JRA, Hubstenberger J, Shelton K, O Keefe SF, Me Dolan BS (2007) Production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut. Phytochemistry 68 1992-2003... 

Resveratrol Grapes, raisins, berries, peanuts Anticancer, reduces cardiovascular diseases and ischemic damage... 

Resveratrol (3,4[5-trihydroxy-P-an5-stilbene) (Fig. 3), a common phytoalexin found in grape skins, peanuts, and red wine, has been speculated to... 

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