Plant polyphenol

Naturally occurring oxaarenes based on polycyclic pyrans encompass a plethora of structures including the plant polyphenols such as anthocyanins and a-tocopherol (vitamin E). Halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are formed both as by-products during the manufacture of chlorophenols, and from the incineration of organic matter in the presence of inorganic halides. 

Gross GG, Hemingway RW, Yoshida T (2000) Plant Polyphenols 2. Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacology, Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York... 

Phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables are very diverse, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds (Liu 2004 Percival and others 2006 Syngletary and others 2005 Yahia and others 2001a, 2001b). Plant polyphenols are ubiquitous in the diet, with rich sources being tea, wine, fruits, and vegetables they demonstrate considerable antioxidative activity in vitro, which can have important implications for health (Duthie and others 2000). 

Naturally occurring compounds such as phytochemicals, which possess anticar-cinogenic and other beneficial properties, are referred to as chemopreventers. One of the predominant mechanisms of their protective action is due to their antioxidant activity and the capacity to scavenge free radicals. Among the most investigated chemopreventers are some vitamins, plant polyphenols, and pigments such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, flavonoids, and betalains. Resolution of the potential protective roles of... 

Duthie GG, Duthie SJ and Kyle JAM. 2000. Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease implications as nutritional antioxidants. Nutt Res Rev 13(1) 79-106. 

Lea AGH. 1992. Flavor, color and stability in fruit products the effect of polyphenols. In Hemingway RW and Leaks PE, editors. Plant Polyphenols. New York Plenum Press, pp. 827-847. 

Urquiaga I and Leighton F. 2000. Plant polyphenol antioxidants and oxidative stress. Biol Res Biol... 

Duthie GG, Gardner PT and Kyle JAM. 2003. Plant polyphenols are they the new magic bullet Rowett Research Institute. Proc Nutr Soc 62(3) 599-603. 

DeGraft-Johnson J, Kolodziejczyk K, Krol M, Nowak P, Krol B and Nowak D. 2007. Ferric-reducing ability power of selected plant polyphenols and their metabolites implications for clinical studies on the antioxidant effects of fruits and vegetable consumption. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 100(5) 345-352. 

Scalbert A (1992) Quantitative methods for the estimation of tannins in plant tissues. In Hemingway RW, Laks PE (eds) Plant polyphenols synthesis, properties, significance, vol 59. Plenum Press, New York, NY, pp 259-280... 

Tannin. Bitter principle of plant containing plant polyphenols. 

Anthocyanidins from Ricciocarpos natans Proanthocyanidins from Stryphnodendron adstringens Proanthocyanidins from Cassipourea gummiflua Anthocyanins from plants Polyphenols from tea... 

Fukai, T. and Nomura, T., New NMR structure determination methods for prenylated phenols, Basic Life Sciences, 66 (Plant Polyphenols 2), 259, 1999. 

Fulcrand, H. et al.. Electrospray contribution to structural analysis of condensed tannin oligomers and polymers. In Plant Polyphenols 2. Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacology, Ecology (eds G.G. Gross, R.W. Hemingway, T. Yoshida, and S.J. Branham), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, New York, 1999, p. 223. 

Ferguson, L.R., Role of plant polyphenols in genomic stability, Mutat. Res., 475, 89, 2001. Frankel, E.F., Waterhouse, A.L., and Teissedre, P.L., Principal phenolic phytochemicals in selected California wines and their antioxidant activity in inhibiting oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 890, 1995. 

Harbome, J.B., Plant polyphenols and their role in plant defence mechanisms, in Polyphenols 1994, INRA, Paris, 1994, 19. 

Zhu, M. et al.. Plant polyphenols biologically active compounds or non-selective binders to proteins Phytochemistry, 44, 441, 1997. 

Pietta, P., Minoggio, M., and Bramati, L., Plant polyphenols structure, occurrence and bioactivity, Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 28 (Bioactive Natural Products (Part I)), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 257, 2003. 

FIGURE 16.S Reactions catalyzed by the plant polyphenol oxidase, aureusidin synthase (AS), in the transformation of chalcones to aurones. (A) The biosynthesis of aureusidin from either tetra- or pentahydroxychalcone precursors through an ortho-diqmnone intermediate. (B) The aureusidin synthase-catalyzed formation of bracteatin from a pentahydroxychalcone precursor. 

The plant polyphenols—the phenylpropanoids made via the shikimic acid pathway... 

Plant Polyphenols and Their Association with Proteins... 

Complex plant polyphenols readily and reversibly associate with proteins and they can precipitate them from dilute solution. This property is however a direct extrapolation of the characteristics of simple phenols themselves. The structural device represented by the plant polyphenols to a great extent obviates the need for a high molal concentration of phenol and it embodies the added feature that cross-linking between different molecular aggregates may be readily achieved. 

Plant polyphenols, also known as vegetable tannins, are a heterogenous group of natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Tannins... 

Plant polyphenols have been of interest for long time owing to their role in plant pigmentation, reproduction and protection against predators and pathogens. Recently, interest in the biological effects of plant polyphenols (particularly flavonoids) has increased, because of the the potential health benefits associated with some dietary polyphenols. This... 

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