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Particle effect

The more obvious and understandable issue concerns the very high level of residual particles left by CMP. These particles essentially originate from the used slurries (Si02, AI2O3, Ce02) but also from the polished surface materials and to a lesser extent from the polishing equipment environment. The typical particle levels encountered depend greatly on the type of CMP [Pg.184]

For advanced 0.18- m technologies the commonly measured particles at 0.2 um are very close to the linewidth and thus potentially very dangerous. The SI A roadmap suggests that back-end processes for 0.18-/rm technologies should contribute no more than 50 adders at 0.09 /tm for a 200-mm wafer. [Pg.185]


FluidiZed-Bed Combustion. Fluidized-bed combustors are able to bum coal particles effectively in the range of 1.5 mm to 6 mm in size, which are floating in place in an expanded bed (40). Coal and limestone for SO2 capture can be fed to the combustion zone, and ash can be removed from it, by pneumatic transfer. Very Htfle precombustion processing is needed to prepare either the coal or the sorbent for entry into the furnace (41). [Pg.259]

Flere C is the volume concentration of j-phase particles is the mass concentration of the analyte in the j-phase particles w is the x-ray fluorescence radiation yield t. is the mass absorption coefficient of the analyte for the primar y radiation d. is the j-phase particle effective size r fs... [Pg.113]

The most important conclusions of their work were that the inter-particle effects are reasonably small for the particular recycle reactor design, and that kinetic constants determined in the recycle reactor were trustworthy. [Pg.145]

Small-Particle Effects and Structural Considerations for Electrocatalysis Kinoshita, K. 14... [Pg.621]

The second step has bo include the miLti-particle effects, and the total aiergy as a function of all gecraetrical oonfigurations of the particles has to be evaluated. [Pg.223]

Kinoshita, K., Small-particle effects and structural considerations for electrocatalysis, in Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, 1. O M. Bockris, Eds., Vol. 14, Kluwer, New York, 1982, p. 557. [Pg.556]

Tan, C. S., and Smith, J. M. Catalyst particle effectiveness with unsymmetrical boundary conditions. Chem. Eng. Sci. 35,1601-1609 (1980). [Pg.281]

As will be shown in Section 3, inelastic X-ray scattering experiments can help to decide which theoretical approach is appropriate. One must keep in mind that this static correction is far from an appropriate description of electron correlations. A more accurate way is to account for dynamical screening by writing %(q, co) in terms of the one-particle Greens function G(p, e) corrected for many-particle effects by a... [Pg.192]

An alternative description of nonspherical particles is often represented by the sphericity factor (tfi), which is the number that, when multiplied by the diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle (ds), gives the particle effective diameter (dp) ... [Pg.422]

Intraparticle Mass Transfer. One way biofilm growth alters bioreactor performance is by changing the effectiveness factor, defined as the actual substrate conversion divided by the maximum possible conversion in the volume occupied by the particle without mass transfer limitation. An optimal biofilm thickness exists for a given particle, above or below which the particle effectiveness factor and reactor productivity decrease. As the particle size increases, the maximum effectiveness factor possible decreases (Andrews and Przezdziecki, 1986). If sufficient kinetic and physical data are available, the optimal biofilm thickness for optimal effectiveness can be determined through various models for a given particle size (Andrews, 1988 Ruggeri et al., 1994), and biofilm erosion can be controlled to maintain this thickness. The determination of the effectiveness factor for various sized particles with changing biofilm thickness is well-described in the literature (Fan, 1989 Andrews, 1988)... [Pg.651]

Case B. Suppose, more realistically, that the catalyst undergoes a known, experimentally determined, rate of attrition as a function of particle size (Zenz, 1971 Zenz Kelleher, 1980). The particle loss rate from the cyclone system will now approach and finally equal the rate of production of 0 to 10 micron particles by attrition from all the larger sizes. To maintain reactor inventory, this loss rate will be replaced, at an equal rate, with fresh catalyst. Since the rate of attrition of any size particle depends on its concentration in the stream subjected to the attrition (as finer particles effectively cushion the coarser), and since the loss is replaced with fresh catalyst (containing the coarsest), the bed size distribution will reach a steady state between 10 and 150 microns in which the mean size, as well as all sizes smaller than the largest, will now be decreased from what would have prevailed under conditions of zero attrition. [Pg.792]

For some soft particles effective anchoring may require covalent grafting of the incompatible PS blocks to the core polymer. [Pg.267]

For this purpose, we introduce the particle effectiveness factor tj, the ratio of the observed rate of reaction for the particle as a whole to the intrinsic rate at the surface conditions, cAj and Ts. In terms of a reactant A,... [Pg.201]

We consider the effects of cA and Tseparately, deferring the latter to Section 8.5.5. In focusing on the particle effectiveness factor, we also ignore the effect of any difference in concentration between bulk gas and exterior surface (cAg and cAs.) in Section 8.5.6, we introduce the overall effectiveness factor to take this into account. [Pg.201]

For a flat-plate porous particle of diffusion-path length L (and infinite extent in other directions), and with only one face permeable to diffusing reactant gas A, obtain an expression for tj, the particle effectiveness factor defined by equation 8.5-5, based on the following... [Pg.201]

The definition of the particle effectiveness factor 77 involves the intrinsic rate of reaction, ( rA)int> for reaction A - products, at the exterior surface conditions of gas-phase concentration (cAs) and temperature (Ts). Thus, from equation 8.55,... [Pg.210]

The particle effectiveness factor 17 defined by equation 8.5-5 takes into account concentration and temperature gradients within the particle, but neglects any gradients from bulk fluid to the exterior surface of the particle. The overall effectiveness factor y)0 takes both into account, and is defined by reference to bulk gas conditions (cA, Tg) rather than conditions at the exterior of the particle (cAj, Ts) ... [Pg.212]

The starting points for the continuity and energy equations are again 21.5-1 and 21.5-6 (adiabatic operation), respectively, but the rate quantity7 (—rA) must be properly interpreted. In 21.5-1 and 21.5-6, the implication is that the rate is the intrinsic surface reaction rate, ( rA)int. For a heterogeneous model, we interpret it as an overall observed rate, (—rA)obs, incorporating the transport effects responsible for the gradients in concentration and temperature. As developed in Section 8.5, these effects are lumped into a particle effectiveness factor, 77, or an overall effectiveness factor, r]0. Thus, equations 21.5-1 and 21.5-6 are rewritten as... [Pg.544]

The calculation of the induced electron density may be done in the context of the Kohn-Sham approach to density functional theory, because the response of a KS system to a change in the one particle effective potential (r) corresponds to that of a system of non-interacting electrons. [Pg.111]

To calculate the release through diffusion of an entrapped residue, Barraclough et al. (2005) considered the size of organic matter particles (effective radius 10" to 10 cm) and the effective diffusion coefficient of small organic molecules in a sorbing medium (D 10 cm s )- The time for 50% of the material in a sphere to diffuse out is given by... [Pg.125]


See other pages where Particle effect is mentioned: [Pg.2208]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.1580]    [Pg.187]    [Pg.368]    [Pg.800]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.345]    [Pg.488]    [Pg.586]    [Pg.272]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.561]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.210]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.644]    [Pg.648]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.160]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.10]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.184 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.281 , Pg.287 , Pg.327 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.36 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.18 ]




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Abrasive particle effect

Activity particle size, effect

Aerosol particles direct effect

Aerosol particles indirect effects

Alloys metal particle size effects

Alpha particles biologic effects

Alpha particles biological effects

Alumina particles, effect

Amorphous particle size effect

Au, particle size effect

Beta particles biologic effects

Beta particles biological effects

Carbon monoxide oxidation particle size effect

Catalysis particle size effects

Catalyst deactivation particle size effect

Catalyst particle size mass transport effect

Chemical effects of alpha particles

Climate Change aerosol particles, direct effects

Climate Change aerosol particles, indirect effects

Clouds particle effects

Clusters particle shape effects

Clusters particle size effects

Colloidal dispersions particle size, effect

Colloidal particles Effects

Colloidal particles effective attractive interactions

Combustion particle structure effect

Core-shell particles polymerization kinetics effects

Derivation of the effective-particle Schrodinger equation

Dielectric property particle shape effect

Diffusion effects burning within particle

Diffusion effects irregularly shaped particles

Diffusion effects outside catalyst particle

Diffusion effects through catalyst particles

Diffusion effects through particle

Diffusion effects within catalyst particle

Discussion of particle size effects

Effect of Abrasive Particle Size on Removal Rate and Defectivity

Effect of Anionic Polymers on Particle Deposition

Effect of Catalyst Particle Size

Effect of Cationic Polymers on Particle Deposition

Effect of Filler Particle Size and Shape on Composite Rheology

Effect of Fine Second-Phase Particles

Effect of Functional Monomers and Initiators on Particle Nucleation

Effect of Metal Particles on Combustion Stability

Effect of Nonionic Polymers on Particle Deposition

Effect of Particle (Grain) Size on Properties

Effect of Particle Aggregation

Effect of Particle Material Composition

Effect of Particle Porosity

Effect of Particle Size Distribution

Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Sintering Kinetics

Effect of Primary Particle Size

Effect of Roughness on Particle Adhesion

Effect of particle aggregation on elementary microflotation act and

Effect of particle concentration in a dispersion

Effect of particle shape

Effect of particle shape and orientation

Effect of particle shape on terminal falling velocity and drag force

Effect of particle size

Effect of particle size and Al substitution

Effect of particle size on melting temperature

Effect of particle size on vapour pressure

Effect of silica particle size

Effective particle concentration

Effective particle concept

Effective particle density

Effective particle weight

Effective volume fraction, particle rotation

Effectiveness catalyst particles

Effectiveness factor, particle definition

Effectiveness factor, particle dependence

Effectiveness factor, particle overall

Effectiveness, liquid/particle

Effects (Fluid Particles)

Effects induced by irradiation with high-energy photons or particles

Effects of Active Oxygen Species on Particle Uptake

Effects of Aerosol Particles

Effects of Diffusion within Catalyst Particles

Effects of Diffusion within Immobilized Enzyme Particles

Effects of Mass Transfer Around and within Catalyst or Enzymatic Particles on the Apparent Reaction Rates

Effects of Particle Size and Shape

Effects of Particles as a Mechanical Filler

Effects of Particles as an Osmotic Load

Effects of Surface Roughness on Interactions with Particles

Effects of aluminum particles

Effects on Polymer Conformation due to the Presence of Particle Surfaces and Interparticle Spacing

Electrocatalysis, particle size effects

Emulsifier concentrations, effect particle size distributions

Ethane metal particle size effect

Examples of unexpected solubility behaviour caused by particle size effects

Excitons effective-particle model

Falling particles wall effects

Filler particle size effect

Fischer—Tropsch synthesis catalyst particle size effects

Glucose particle size effect

Health Effects and Toxicology of Particles

Heat transfer coefficient particle effects

Heat transfer coefficient particle thermal conductivity effect

Hydrocarbons metal particle size effects

Kinetics particle size distribution effect

Leading particle effect

Magnetic field effect , heavy particle

Magnetic particle size effect

Melt, particle size effects

Metal particles, surface plasmon effects

Methylpentanes particle size effects

Model particle size effects

Modulus particle effect

Nickel catalysts particle size effect

Nonlinear, Band-structure, and Surface Effects in the Interaction of Charged Particles with Solids

PH effects particle mobility

Palladium particle size effects

Parasitic particle size, effect

Particle Effects on the Structure of Polymers

Particle Size Distribution and Surface Area Effects on the Burn Rate

Particle Size Effect on Velocity of Detonation

Particle Size Effects on the Photoelectrochemical Properties

Particle bombardment effects

Particle bombardment matrix effects

Particle bridging effect

Particle concentration effect

Particle concentration effect , trace

Particle deposition electrostatic effects

Particle diameter effect

Particle diameter, effective

Particle diameter, emulsions, effect

Particle effective

Particle effectiveness factor

Particle morphology, effects

Particle radius, effective

Particle shape effect

Particle shape effect on the dielectric property

Particle size and shape effects

Particle size distribution emulsions, effect

Particle size effect

Particle size effect electrocatalytic properties

Particle size effect kinetic current

Particle size effect metal loading

Particle size effect specific-oxygen reduction activity

Particle size effect surface structure facets

Particle size effect thin films

Particle size effect, soluble polymer

Particle size effective

Particle size effects EXAFS analysis

Particle size effects bimetallic systems

Particle size effects filtration

Particle size effects for

Particle size effects supported metal catalysts

Particle size effects validation

Particle size plastics coloring, additive effects

Particle size temperature effect

Particle size the effect

Particle size, effect on rate

Particle surface coverage, effect

Particle surface coverage, effect parameters

Particle surface effect

Particle volume fractions, effect

Particle volume fractions, effect dispersions

Particle wall effect

Particle-Size Effects with Supported Metals

Particle-hole excitonic) effects

Particles additive effects

Particles crowding effect

Particles direct effects

Particles electrostatic effects

Particles health effects

Particles impurity effects

Particles indirect effects

Particles shape/size effects

Particles solvent effects

Paste particle size, effect

Peak area particle size effects

Plasma Species and Factors Active for Sterilization Direct Effect of Charged Particles

Platinum catalyst particle size effect

Platinum ions particle size effects

Platinum-silica particle size effects

Platinum-zeolites particle size effects

Possible Explanations of Particle Size Effects Experiments versus Models

Precipitation particle size distribution effects

Primary electroviscous effect particles

Pt Alloy Nanoparticles and Particle Size Effects

Radiation heat transport, effect solid particles

Reaction rate catalyst particle size effect

Reduction particle size effects

Relativistic effects one particle

Relevance of Particle Size Effects to Structure Sensitivity

Resonance effects active particles

Retardant fillers) particle size effect

Schwab effect, metal particles

Short-term effects particle exposures

Sintering effect, with small particles

Sintering particle size distribution effect

Size Effect of Au Particles

Small metal particles particle size effect

Solid Particles at Liquid Interfaces, Including Their Effects on Emulsion and Foam Stability

Solid particles, stabilizing effect

Solid-liquid fluidized beds particle density effect

Solid-liquid fluidized beds particle diameter effect

Solid-state polycondensation particle size effect

Solutions of the effective-particle model

Specific Particle Size Effects

Structural Effects on Electrocatalysis by Pt Effect of Particle Size

Supported metals, small particles alloying effects

Supported palladium particle size effects

Suspension models particle shape effect

The effect of particle size on solubility

The effective-particle model

Transport effects at particle level

Tube-particle diameter ratio, effect

Vanadium catalyst particle size effect

Weathering particle size effects

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