Particle size effect electrocatalytic properties

Variants of preparation have been proposed [135, 248] including sintering [391] or co-electrodeposition of the precursors [138, 407], and aluminization of the surface of Ni at high temperature whose nature has a definite effect on the resulting electrocatalytic activity [408]. The main features of Raney Ni have been evaluated, including the pore size distribution and the real surface area [93, 135]. It has been found that the composition of the precursor alloys and their particle size have important influence on the adsorption properties of the resulting Raney metal, hence on its electrocatalytic properties [409]. 

Yoo SJ, Jeon T-Y, Lee K-S, Park K-W, Sung Y-E (2010) Effects of particle size on surface electronic and electrocatalytic properties of Pt/Ti02 nanocatalysts. Chem Commun 46 (5) 794-796... 

Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and size-dependent electronic properties nanostructured materials like NPs are good as catalysts. NPs of different sizes and structures can show significantly different catalytic activities and thus provides an opportunity to understand the structure-function relationship. NPs prepared usually in ensembles of NPs immobilized on an electrode. Thus the electrocatalytic property result of the average properties of the ensemble. Optimization of the catalyst requires increasing the number of sites available for the reaction to occur, shape and size effect of NP and composition of particles (in case of mixed metal... 

Novel types of synthesis of modem electrocatalysts revealed that the properties of electrode materials can be affected by the controlled formation of nano-sized, finely dispersed, electrocatalyst particles. In the case of DSA, already the traditional preparation procedure involves the thermal decompositiOTi of the corresponding chlorides after dissolution in an appropriate solvent (usually a solvent of low viscosity, e.g., 2-propanol) [3], Recently, sol-gel synthesis was introduced for DSA preparatirMi, with the main effect being related to the increase in the real surface area of the anode [9,10], The effect is recognized as the geometric factor of increased electrocatalytic ability in addition to an electronic factor related to the chemical structure of electrocatalyst [2,4], which is essential for step (6). The geometric factor is important since the measure for the reaction rate is the current density, i.e., the current per surface area of the electrode available for the reaction. Thus, the reaction rate can be considerably increased by the application of nano-3D electrodes, which are porous systems with an extended real surface area. The polarization curves for the CER on... 

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