Pareto Diagram Analysis

In the example given in figure 4.12, the frequency of injuries were classified according to the body part affected. Over this period, backs accounted for 40 percent of all 

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What is a Pareto diagram and Pareto Analysis used to identify ... 

Pareto Analysis is used to identify and evaluate types of nonconformities. The Pareto Diagram will direct attention to the most frequent nonconformities but not necessarily to the most important. 

Analysis of variance and effects were calculated for the analysis of the experimental design (Tables 6 and 7), along with a graphical analysis of the results with standardized Pareto diagrams, probability network, and main effect illustration. 

As is evident from the analysis of variance with a probability of error a = 1%, only one effect has a P value smaller than 0.01, i.e., it shows a significant difference from zero with a selected confidence interval of 99%, because the factor slope has a significant effect on the resolution. This is also very clearly shown in the Pareto diagram (Fig. 19). 

There are numerous methods and techniques developed in areas such as safety, reliability, and quality for conducting various types of analysis [23-25]. Some of these methods and techniques can also be used to perform rail safety analysis. These methods and techniques include fault-tree analysis, hazards and operability analysis, cause-and-effect diagram, interface safety analysis, failure modes and effect analysis, and Pareto diagram. One of these approaches (i.e., fault-tree analysis) is presented below, and information on other methods and techniques is available in Chapter 4 and in the literature [23-25]. 

A Pareto diagram or a series of Pareto diagrams are used to identify one or more factors which may occur firequendy and need further investigation. This analysis would be based on preliminary data collected and could be injury data from various operations or areas within a facility. The objective is to validate with data the justification for what area(s) need to be improved. 

Q7 PROCESS CHART. PARETO ANALYSIS, CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM, HISTOGRAM, CORRELATION DIAGRAMS, PROCESS CONTROL CHARTS, CHECK SHEETS... 

The so-called Q7 tools and techniques, Cause and Effect Diagrams, Pareto Analysis, etc. (Bicheno, 1994 Dale and McQuater, 1998 Straker, 1995), are applicable to any stage of the product development process. Indeed they support the working of some of the techniques mentioned, for example using a Pareto chart for prioritizing the potential risks in terms of the RPN index for a design as determined in FMEA (see Appendix III). 

Statistical techniques can be used for a variety of reasons, from sampling product on receipt to market analysis. Any technique that uses statistical theory to reveal information is a statistical technique, but not all applications of statistics are governed by the requirements of this part of the standard. Techniques such as Pareto Analysis and cause and effect diagrams are regarded as statistical techniques in ISO 9000-2 and although numerical data is used, there is no probability theory involved. These techniques are used for problem solving, not for making product acceptance decisions. 

Cause-and-Effect Diagram Pareto Analysis Technique... 

Other tools Tools for gathering information that result in qualitative data can lead to an affinity analysis. After constructing an affinity diagram, the results may be summarized in a Pareto chart. Categories developed diuing an affinity analysis can be used for stratification with the other tools. 

Scatter diagrams Histogram Tally sheet Pareto analysis... 

It is essential to diseover what the root cause of a problem is and after a team effort brainstorming session, it is helpful to construct a Pareto Chart, where groups of similar data are arranged in order of magnitude (Figure 18.14). This helps to eoncentrate on major problems. The so ealled 80/20 rule suggests that 80% of the problems result from 20% of the eauses. A eause and effects analysis is determined and a Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram... 

Cause and effect analysis is useful in any kind of process capability analysis, not just as the result of attributes inspection and Pareto analysis. The focus of cause and effect analysis is on attacking a problem rather than on fixing blame. Once a nonconformity has been isolated for further study, attention shifts to analyzing how the deviation from specifications was caused. Sometimes the reason is obvious sometimes a considerable amount of investigation is required to uncover the cause or causes. The Japanese have developed and used cause and effect analysis, and the resulting diagram, as a formal structure for uncovering problem areas. The steps in a cause and effect analysis are (Ishikawa 1982,18) ... 

Pareto chart was used to analyze the locations of negative product cost. Then, problem analysis tools as cause and effect diagram and why-why analysis were used to identify possible causes of negative product cost. 

It should be noted that it is impossible to illustrate the trade-off points when we consider more than two objective functions are being considered. To solve this difficulty, several multidimensional visualization methods are proposed. One of these methods which leads to comprehensive analysis of the Pareto front is called Level Diagrams method (Blasco et al., 2008) whieh is used here in to visualize the Pareto fronts of the multi-objective optimization. 

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