Paneling characteristics

Panel Characteristics - Mixed Hardwood Flakeboard Type Single layer... 

Kamke, F. A., S. C. Zylkowski. Effect of Wood-base Panel Characteristics on Thermal Conductivity. Forest Prod. J. 1989, 39(5) 19-24. 

Paneling Characteristics. Indicated by vertical arrows in Figure 2 are the times at which the onset of paneling, or buckling, of the untreated containers was observed. The paneling of the untreated containers progressed from a visually and tactilely detectable loss of roundness observed between 8 and 16 hours of solvent exposure to a severe distortion of the sidewalls within 24 hours of filling. 

FIGURE 2.1.10 The transconductance IsoiV ) (the upper panel) and /sd( sd) (the lower panel) characteristics of rubrene single-crystal OFET (see, for example, Podzorov et al. [30] and Menard et al. [39]). 

Yn,i also takes account of the level of uncertainty In the derivation of the laminate or panel characteristics. 

Plywood furniture core panels, also about 19 mm (3/4 in.) thick, were normally made of a number of layers of relatively thick, 1.5—3.0 mm (1 /16—1 /8 in.) lower value wood veneers combined with thin surface pHes of the decorative veneer. These assembhes were laid-up from glued veneers and then pressed while the bonding occurred. Both lumber core and plywood core have been almost totally displaced in recent years by particleboard or medium-density fiberboard, both discussed herein. This change resulted from the increasing availabiHty and improved finishing characteristics of composites and from decreasing suppHes of core lumber or veneer of suitable quaHty. 

Panels for siding might be cut to resemble rough-cut lumber and grooved at intervals to show the appearance of board-on-board siding. Other treatments might include pressure-treatment with preservatives or fire-retardant chemicals for special appHcations requiring these characteristics. 

Discriminant Sensory Analysis. Discriminant sensory analysis, ie, difference testing, is used to determine if a difference can be detected in the flavor of two or more samples by a panel of subjects. These differences may be quantitative, ie, a magnitude can be assigned to the differences but the nature of the difference is not revealed. These procedures yield much less information about the flavor of a food than descriptive analyses, yet are extremely useful eg, a manufacturer might want to substitute one component of a food product with another safer or less expensive one without changing the flavor in any way. Several formulations can be attempted until one is found with flavor characteristics that caimot be discriminated from the original or standard sample. 

Once the characteristic level is determined, the flavor is put into panel tests. After it passes these panel tests it is then subjected to storage stabihty. 

Years of development have led to a standardized system for objective evaluation of fabric hand (129). This, the Kawabata evaluation system (KES), consists of four basic testing machines a tensile and shear tester, a bending tester, a compression tester, and a surface tester for measuring friction and surface roughness. To complete the evaluation, fabric weight and thickness are determined. The measurements result in 16 different hand parameters or characteristic values, which have been correlated to appraisals of fabric hand by panels of experts (121). Translation formulas have also been developed based on required levels of each hand property for specific end uses (129). The properties include stiffness, smoothness, and fullness levels as well as the total hand value. In more recent years, abundant research has been documented concerning hand assessment (130—133). 

The avadabihty of PMDI also led to the development of polyurethane-modified isocyanurate (PUIR) foams by 1967. The PUIR foams have superior thermal stabiUty and combustibiUty characteristics, which extend the use temperature of insulation foams well above 150°C. The PUIR foams are used in pipe, vessel, and solar panel insulation glass-fiber-reinforced PUIR roofing panels having superior dimensional stabiUty have also been developed. More recently, inexpensive polyester polyols based on residues obtained in the production of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) have been used in the formulation of rigid polyurethane and PUIR foams. 

The heat and flame resistance coupled with good electrical insulation characteristics, which includes in some grades good arcing and arc tracking resistance, has led to PPS replacing some of the older thermosets in electrical parts. These include connectors, coil formers, bobbins, terminal blocks, relay components, moulded bulb sockets for electric power station control panels, brush holders, motor housings, thermostat parts and switch components. 

Fig. 6. Stress propagation across the wood cell walls, cell walls microbuckling and wood densification leading to the characteristic plastic deformation which wood undergoes during panel manufacture and hot-pressing.

Task characteristics (e.g., equipment design, control panel design, job aids)... 

The classification structure for PIFs used in this chapter is based on the model of human error as arising from a mismatch between demands and resources which was described in Chapter 1, Section 1.6 (Figure 1.6). In this model demands were seen as requirements for human performance which arise from the characteristics of the process environment (e.g., the need to monitor a panel or to be able to fix a seal in a flange) and the nature of the human capabilities to satisfy these demands (e.g., skills of perception, thinking, and physical action). These demands are met by the individual and group resources of personnel and the extent to which the design of the task allows these resources to be effectively deployed. Where demands exceeded resources, errors could be expected to occur. 

The extent to which a particular combination of such "operating environment" factors will be perceived by the workers as being stressful will depend on the available resources such as the quality of the control panel, procedures, training, organizational and social factors, and, finally, the individual characteristics of the workers. The outcome of this transaction between stress factors and coping resources will influence the onset of worker stress. Situations are not stressful merely because of the presence of a number of external stressors, but because they are perceived as such by workers. 

Ruthenium and Os are stable to atmospheric attack though if Os is very finely divided it gives off the characteristic smell of OSO4. By contrast, iron is subject to corrosion in the form of rusting which, because of its great economic importance, has received much attention (see Panel above). 

One of the interesting properties of PBPCP [187] was its fast heat dissipation characteristics and so it was tested by the well-known oxy-acetylene panel test (ASTM 285-70) for ablative materials. Figure 13 shows the survival of a flower for 100 s. kept on the 6.35-mm asbestos fiber-reinforced hexamine-cured panel. The ablation rate value of this material was 3.2 x 10 in/s in comparison with 3.6 x 10 in/s for asbestos-phenolic. As the char content of PBPCP was only 27% compared with 60% for conventional phenolics, mechanisms involving transpiration processes rather than heat blocking by char formation might be playing a greater role in this case [188]. 

The upper panel of Figure 11-17 shows the effect of increasing the electron mobility in the layer near to the electron contact of the iwo-polymer-laycr electron-only device. The solid line is the calculated / V characteristic when the electron mobilities ol lhe two layers are the same and given by the value used above. The dotted line... 

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