Exposure solvent

Provision and use of appropriate health surveillance, e.g. for signs of dermatitis, asthma, effects of specific solvent exposures. Full use of any spray booth, enclosure, exhaust ventilation or dilution systems, and automatic handling equipment. (The efficiency of all local exhaust ventilation and other control systems should be maintained, and checked by testing.) Where appropriate, atmospheric monitoring of airborne pollution levels. 

Mikkelsen, S., Jorgensen, M., Browne, E., and Gyldensten, G. ( I 988). Mixed solvent exposure and organic brain damage A study of painters. Acta Neurol. Scand. 78, 1-143. 

A retrospective case-control study conducted in humans compared spontaneous abortion rates among women who had been exposed occupationally or nonoccupationally to trichloroethylene and other solvents to rates among women without solvent exposure (Windham et al. 1991). The authors observed approximately three times the risk of spontaneous abortion with exposure to trichloroethylene. This risk increased further when women with less than a half hour of exposure to trichloroethylene each week were excluded from the analysis. However, a consistent dose-response relationship was not observed, and most of the women were exposed to a variety of solvents, not just trichloroethylene. 

Droz PO, Wu MM, Cumberland WG. 1989a. Variability in biological monitoring of organic solvent exposure. II. Application of a population physiological model. BrJ Ind Med 46 547-558. 

Monstad P, Nissen T, Sulg lA, et al. 1987. Sleep apnoea and organic solvent exposure. J Neurol 234 152-154. 

Monster AC. 1988. Biological markers of solvent exposure. Arch Environ Health 43 90-93. 

Rasmussen K, Brogren CH, Sabroe S. 1993b. Subclinical affection of liver and kidney function and solvent exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64 445-448. 

Rasmussen K, Jeppesen HJ, Sabroe S. 1993c. Psychometric tests for assessment of brain function after solvent exposure. Am J Ind Med 24 553-565. 

The author assumed that the Born radii of atoms can be estimated from the solvent exposure factors for sampling spheres around the atoms. Two spheres were used in a five-parameter equahon to calculate the Born radii. The parameters of the equahon were eshmated using numerical calculahons from X-ray protein structures for dihydrofolate reductase. In addition to AGol the author also considered the AGJ term accounting for cavity formahon and dispersion of the solute-solvent interactions as ... 

Dermal Absorption. To determine the toxicity of parathion following dermal application, the method of Draize, Woodard, and Calvery (3) was followed. Variables considered in the design of these experiments were concentration as a factor of area, solvent, exposure time, and number of exposures. In some cases the wettable powder was applied in the dry form, while in other cases sufficient water was added to produce a viscid paste. All doses in the table are presented as milligrams per kilogram of parathion, regardless of the concentration or solvent. 

Folded and unfolded proteins in solution are dense materials characterized in large part by different degrees of conformational flexibility and solvent exposure. Thus, packing is a foundational issue for their solution thermodynamic properties. Although the developments above... 

Kennedy, M.W., Scott, J.C., Lo, S.J., Beauchamp, J. and McManus, D.P. (2000) The Sj-FABPc fatty acid binding protein of the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum structural and functional characterisation and unusual solvent exposure of a portal-proximal tryptophan. BiochemicalJournal 349, 377-384. 

Figure 1.21 Comparison of the solvent exposed surface area of amino acids in proteins. Data are plotted as a percentage of each amino acid in a protein having greater than a 30 A2 exposure to the aqueous environment. Charged and polar amino acids are seen to have the most solvent exposure, while uncharged, aromatic, or aliphatic amino acids have the least exposure.

Resin 3 is light orange in color when dry 5 is tan. Both turn dark brown in a swelling solvent. Exposure of either resin to air slowly results in a grey-green color due to oxidation, but 28% of the resin-bound Cp0o(C0)2 is left after one month s exposure (IR). 

All potential solvent exposure points will be in close proximity to elephant-trunk exhaust ducts for ventilation. 

Morrow, L.A., et al. 1993. Psychiatric Symptomatology in Persons with Organic Solvent Exposure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61,171-174. 

Solvent exposure tests, on plastics, 79 583 Solvent extraction, 70 744-746, 781-782 advantage of, 70 746 for aroma isolation, 77 518 in food processing, 70 787 in hazardous waste management,... 

Kawai T, Yasugi T, Mizunuma K. 1992. Urinalysis vs. blood analysis as a tool for biological monitoring of solvent exposure. Toxicol Letters 63 333-343. 

HD vapors are heavier than air and tend to seek lower elevations. HD is slightly soluble in cold water and soluble in most organic solvents. Exposure in any concentration will cause severe choking. Exposure to vapors in low to moderate concentrations will cause temporary blindness and inflammation of the entire respiratory tract. Higher concentrations cause permanent blindness and strip the bronchial tubes of their mucus membrane linings. 

Since tRNA is more varied structurally than DNA, ethidium could reside in pockets as well as intercalate into double-strand regions. The fluorescence decay provides information about the type, or types, of binding sites occupied by ethidium. It is currently believed that the excited state of ethidium is quenched by proton transfer to the solvent0 86-1 and that its lifetime is reduced with increasing solvent exposure. If ethidium occupies two or more kinds of sites with different degrees of exposure to solvent, then its fluorescence decay is expected to be multiexponential. 

Kawamoto T, Koga M, Oyama T, et al. 1996. Habitual and genetic factors that affect urinary background levels of biomarkers for organic solvent exposure. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 30 114-120. 

The characteristics that discourage the use of RPLC for preparative isolation of bioactive proteins favor its use as an analytical tool for studying protein conformation. Chromatographic profiles can provide information on conformational stability of a protein and the kinetics of folding and unfolding processes. Information about solvent exposure of certain amino acid residues (e.g., tryptophan) as a function of the folding state can be obtained by on-line spectral analysis using diode array UV-vis detection or fluorescence detection. 

Figure 10.9 Tridimensional structure of GM-CSF.148 The tridimensional structure shows that the four methionine residues present on the molecule have different degrees of solvent exposure. The sulfur atoms are either fully exposed (residues M46 and M79), partially exposed (residue M36), or totally buried (residue M80). Forced oxidation experiments described in the text show that residue M80 is unaffected, whereas local structural constraints make M79 less susceptible to oxidation than predicted by the model. 

It is evident that the preceding considerations do not apply to all biological electron transfer systems. Even in the bacterial reaction center, the transfer between the two quinones Qa Qbj which takes place over 18 A [18], is characterized in Rhodobacter sphaeroides by a large entropic contribution, which has been attributed to the high solvent exposure of Qg [126]. By using the activation energy value reported in Ref. [126], two very different X values may be deduced from Eq. (23) = 0.1 eV and Aj = 2.5 eV. The previous considerations... 

---