Pancytopenia

Toxic Effects on the Blood-Forming Tissues Reduced formation of erythrocytes and other elements of blood is an indication of damage to the bone marrow. Chemical compounds toxic to the bone marrow may cause pancytopenia, in which the levels of all elements of blood are reduced. Ionizing radiation, benzene, lindane, chlordane, arsenic, chloramphenicol, trinitrotoluene, gold salts, and phenylbutazone all induce pancytopenia. If the damage to the bone marrow is so severe that the production of blood elements is totally inhibited, the disease state is termed aplastic anemia. In the occupational environment, high concentrations of benzene can cause aplastic anemia. 

Acetaminophen causes few adverse reactions when used as directed on the label or recommended by the primary health care provider. Adverse reactions associated with the use of acetaminophen usually occur with chronic use or when the recommended dosage is exceeded. Adverse reactions to acetaminophen include skin eruptions, urticaria (hives), hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia (a reduction in all cellular components of the blood), hypoglycemia, jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin), hepatotoxicily (damage to the liver), and hepatic failure (seen in chronic alcoholics taking the drug). 

Hematologic—neutropenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and aplastic anemia... 

Administration of trimethadione (Tridione) may result in hematologic changes, such as pancytopenia (decrease in all the cellular components of the blood), leukopenia, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia Also reported are various types of skin rashes, diplopia (double vision), vomiting, changes in blood pressure, CNS depression, photosensitivity, and fatal nephrosis. Because these dm have been associated with serious adverse reactions and fetal malformations, they should be used only when other less toxic dm are not effective in controlling seizures. The oxazolidinediones may precipitate a tonic-clonic seizure... 

After the graft is infused, monitor CBC with differential at least daily to evaluate engraftment. Allogeneic HCT patients experience an initial period of pancytopenia followed by a more prolonged period of immunosuppression, which substantially increases the risk of bacterial, fungal, viral, and other opportunistic infections. 

Hereditary triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that has the most severe clinical manifestations of the erythroenzy-mopathies, including hemolytic anemia, neurological dysfunction, sudden cardiac death, and increased susceptibility to infection. Since the first description by Schneider et al. (S10), more than 25 unrelated families have been reported (Fll). Cases of decreased TPI activities associated with cat cry syndrome and pancytopenia were reported, whereas the correlation between TPI deficiency and these disorders was not clear. Although the degree of anemia is variable, most patients require blood transfusions. Neurological involvement, such as paraparesis, weakness, and hypotonia, is progressive in most cases. No specific therapy is available for the neuropathic manifestations of the disease, and most severely affected children fail to survive beyond the age of 5 years. 

Beagle dog inhalation "CeCl, AMAD t.5-2,4 ion a, 1.6-2.1 13-16 mos 70 life span (in progress) death, bone marrow aplasia and pancytopenia, radiation pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic necrosis 11/48 Yes pulmonary adenoma, bronchtogenic adenocarcinoma 3/48 Yes he man- Yes giocarcinoma osteosarcoma, 6/48 leukemia 3/34 (primary) Benjamin et al. (1972b 1976c) Merickel et al. (1978)... 

In cobalamin-E (cblE) disease there is a failure of methyl-B12 to bind to methionine synthase. It is not known if this reflects a primary defect of methionine synthase or the absence of a separate enzyme activity. Patients manifest megaloblastic changes with a pancytopenia, homocystinuria and hypomethioninemia. There is no methylmalonic aciduria. Patients usually become clinically manifest during infancy with vomiting, developmental retardation and lethargy. They respond well to injections of hydroxocobalamin. 

In some cases, muscle pain, edemas in extremities, bursitis in the area of large joints are observed. Severe cases of acute poisoning may lead to anemia, leukopenia and even pancytopenia. 

Melphalan (L-PAM) Alkylating agent hreast and ovarian cancer Leukopenia hone marrow suppression gran u 1 ocy to pen i a pancytopenia... 

Gaucher Glucocerebrosidase Glucocerebroside Type 1 Adult Hepatosplenomegaly Erosion of bones, fractures Pancytopenia or thrombocytopenia Characteristic macrophages (crumpled paper inclusions)... 

In addition to erythrocytes, blood contains white blood cells, called leukocytes, of several types, and platelets, also called thrombocytes, which control blood clotting. Hematopoiesis (from the Greek, haimo, for blood, and poiein for to make ) is the process by which the elements of the blood are formed. The marrow of bone contains so-called stem cells which are immature predecessors of these three types of blood cells. Chemicals that are toxic to bone marrow can lead to anemia (decreased levels of erythrocytes), leukopenia (decreased numbers of leukocytes), or thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia, a severe form of poisoning, refers to the reduction in circulatory levels of all three elements of the blood. One or more of these conditions can result from sufficiently intense exposure to chemicals such as benzene, arsenic, the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT), gold, certain drugs, and ionizing radiation. Health consequences can range... 

Potential applications ex vivo hematopoietic expansion are abrogating or shortening the period of profound pancytopenia following high dose... 

Soma compound Muscle relaxant Analgesic Tab Carisoprodol 200 mg, aspirin 325 mg 1 -2 tab qid pm vertigo, ataxia, tremor, facial flushing, pancytopenia (rare). 

Persons with aplastic anemia due to benzene exposure have been found to be at a much greater risk for developing leukemias. A follow-up of 51 benzene-exposed workers with pancytopenia revealed 13 cases of leukemia. The cumulative incidence of leukemia among individuals with clinically ascertained benzene hemopathy has ranged from 10% to 17% in various studies. ... 

Intermediate-duration oral exposure of mice has caused death due to adverse hematologic effects including aplastic anemia and pancytopenia. P>[a]P has been shown to markedly inhibit the immune system, especially T-cell-dependent antibody production by lymphocytes exposed either in vivo or in vitro. It may also induce autoimmune responses. 

Two workers exposed primarily through skin contact showed signs of encephalopathy one had bone marrow depression, whereas the other had pancytopenia. ... 

Hematological effects Rare cases of pancytopenia and TTP, some of which have been fatal, have occurred. 

Gl disturbances (eg, nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn) are the most common reactions. Other adverse reactions may include hypoglycemia, disulfiram-like reactions allergic skin reactions eczema pruritus erythema urticaria photosensitivity reactions leukopenia thrombocytopenia aplastic anemia agranulocytosis hemolytic anemia pancytopenia weakness paresthesia tinnitus fatigue dizziness vertigo malaise elevated liver function tests. 

Agranulocytosis Agranulocytosis is potentially the most serious side effect of therapy. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia (pancytopenia) may also occur. 

Gl Melena anorexia nausea vomiting constipation taste alteration diarrhea. Hematologic Bone marrow depression thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenic purpura hemolytic anemia leukopenia pancytopenia agranulocytosis. 

Hematologic Neutropenia eosinophilia leukopenia pancytopenia thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis granulocytopenia aplastic anemia hemolytic anemia epistaxis menorrhagia hemorrhage bruising hemolysis, ecchymosis (naproxen). 

Hematologic Hematopoietic complications, some fatal, include thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and pancytopenia. Macrocytosis and megaloblastic anemia usually respond to folic acid therapy. Eosinophilia monocytosis leukocytosis simple anemia hemolytic anemia aplastic anemia ecchymosis. 

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