Pancreatic cells alpha

Wesche B, Jaeckel E, Trautwein C, Wedemeyer H, Falorni A, Frank H, von zur Muhlen A, Manns MP, Brabant G. Induction of autoantibodies to the adrenal cortex and pancreatic islet cells by interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Gut 2001 48(3) 378-83. 

Kamohara H, Takahashi M, Ishiko T, Ogawa M, Baba H. 2007. Induction of interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leukemia inhibitory factor in pancreatic carcinoma cells Impact of CXCL-8 as an autocrine growth factor. Int J Oncol 31 627-632. 

Alpha-2 CNS inhibitory synapses Presynaptic terminal at peripheral adrenergic synapses Gastrointestinal tract Pancreatic islet cells Decreased sympathetic discharge from CNS Decreased norepinephrine release Decreased motility and secretion Decreased insulin secretion... 

The pancreatic islets consist of four primary cell types alpha (A) cells, which produce glucagon beta (B) cells, which produce insulin delta (D) cells, which produce somatostatin and (F) cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide. As previously mentioned, this chapter focuses on the functions of insulin and glucagon. The exact physiologic roles of the other pancreatic hormones are not entirely clear. For example, the function of the pancreatic polypeptide released from pancreatic F cells remains to be determined. 

Shi, Y, Vattem, K.M., Sood, R., An, J., Liang, J., Stramm, L. and Wek, R.C. (1998) Identification and characterization of pancreatic eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha-subunit kinase, PEK, involved in translational control. Mol. Cell Biol. 18, 7499-7509. 

Hofer D, Drenckhahn D. Identification of the taste cell G-protein, alpha-gustducin, in brush cells of the rat pancreatic duct system. Histochem. Cell. Biol. 1998 110 303-309. 

Glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells... 

FIGURE 10.41 Nonfunctional pancreatic endocrine tumor. Immu-noperoxidase stain for the alpha chain of human chorionic gonadotropin shows a few positive cells. 

Schmid KW, Brink M, Freytag G, et al. Expression of chromogranin A and B and secretoneurin immunoreactivity in neoplastic and nonneoplastic pancreatic alpha cells. Virchows Arch. 1994 425 127-132. 

Sulfur-containing compounds such as alpha-lipoic acid, methylsulfonylmethane, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and cysteine are effective against oxidative stress and cell damage caused by free radicals (Bray and Taylor 1993, Pollack et al. 1996). Alpha-lipoic acid increases the antioxidant potency of further antioxidants such as vitamins E and C (Kagan et al. 1992). The course of acute pancreatitis is dramatically impaired in cases of very low antioxidant status. Whereas the sulfur antagonist selenium reduced remarkably the death rate (Kulinski et al. 1995), methionine was also used successfully in the treatment of this disease (Uden et al. 1990). 

Glucagon Pancreatic alpha cell, central nervous system Primary counter-regulatory hormone that restores glucose levels in hypoglycemic state (increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis as well as protein-lipid flux in liver and muscle) Neural and humoral factors released in response to hypoglycemia... 

Peptide YY (PYY) Enteroendocrine cells, developing pancreas alpha cells in mature islets 1. Inhibits both gastric acid secretion and gastric motility 2. Slows intestinal motility 3. Inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion 1. Oral nutrient ingestion 2. Bile acids and fatty acids 3. Amino acids in colon... 

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