Leukemia inhibitory factor

FIGURE 27-3 Neurotrophic cytokines and their receptors. Neurotrophic cytokines are related to IL6 and bind to cell surface receptor complexes that share a common structural organization. The four ligands interchangeably employ two distinct receptor subunits, leukemia inhibitory factor receptor 3 (LIF-Rpt) andgpl30, and some employ a ligand-specific a subunit. CNTF-R, ciliary neurotrophic factor CT-fR.cardiotrophin 1 receptor IL6-R, interleukin-6 receptor. 

LIF leukemia inhibitory factor NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,... 

Palmqvist P, Persson E, Conaway HH, Lerner UH (2002) IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M stimulate bone resorption and regulate the expression of receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of NF-kappa B in mouse calvariae. J Immunol 169 3353-3362... 

Leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF LIF-R, receptor with associated tyrosine kinase... 

Fig. 11.2. Domain structure of cytokine receptors. Schematic representation of the domain structure of selected cytokine receptors. WS motif conserved WSXWS sequence (W tryptophan S serine X non-conserved amino add) IL interleukin EpoR receptor for erythropoietin GHR growth hormone receptor LIF-R leukemia inhibitory factor receptor G-CSFR granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor IFNR interferon receptor TNFR tumor necrosis factor receptor NGFR nerve growth factor receptor Fas, CD40 transmembrane receptors of lymphocytes.

Fig. 11.3. Subunit structures of cytokine receptors. EpoR and G-CSFR have a homo-oligomeric structure. The other receptors shown are composed of different subunits, some of which occur in several receptors. The gpl30 subunit is common to IL-6R and LIF-R the Yc subunit is found in IL-2R and IL-4R. The subunits, at which ligand binding occurs, are indicated by arrows. LIF-R leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.

Kamohara H, Takahashi M, Ishiko T, Ogawa M, Baba H. 2007. Induction of interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leukemia inhibitory factor in pancreatic carcinoma cells Impact of CXCL-8 as an autocrine growth factor. Int J Oncol 31 627-632. 

Injections of KA also induce the expression of mRNA for cytokines such as interleukin-1/3 (IL-1/5), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TlMF-a), and leukemia inhibitory factor in different regions of rat brain (Minami et al., 1991 Yabuuchi et al., 1993). Cytokines play important roles not only in neurodegeneration, but also... 

Tofaris, G. K., Patterson, P. H., Jessen, K. R., and Mirsky, R. (2002). Denervated Schwann cells attract macrophages by secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a process regulated by interleukin-6 and LIF. J. Neurosci. 22, 6696-6703. 

Keeping ES cells undifferentiated is a key to success in achieving germ line transmission of the targeted allele. To prevent differentiation, ES cells must grow either on monolayers of mitotically inactivated fibroblast cells (embryonic feeder [EF] cells) or in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In our experiments, we use both feeder layer cells and LIF-supplemented media for ES cell culture and maintenance. 

B6. Bohic, S., Pilet, P., and Heymann, D., Effects of leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M on bone mineral formed in in vitro rat bone-marrow stromal cell culture Physicochemical aspects. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253, 506-513 (1998). 

V4. Varghese, S., Yu, K., and Canalis, E., Leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M stimulate collagenase-3 expression in osteoblast. Am. J. Physiol. 276, E465-E471 (1999). 

Fig. 3. The gplSO family of cytokines and receptors. Schematic representation of gpl30 and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) oriented in a cell membrane. Of the four-helix bundle gplSO cytokines, structural information currently exists for human interleukin 6 (IL-6) (green) (Somers et al, 1997), human herpes virus interleukin 6 (HlTV-8 IL-6) (purple) (Chow et al, 2001a), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) (orange) (McDonald et al., 1995), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (blue) (Robinson et al, 1994), and oncostatin-M (OSM) (red) (Deller et al, 2000). Lower panel is a detailed list of gplSO cytokines and the associated receptors incorporated into the final signaling complex. (See Color Insert.)...

Aasland, D., Schuster, B., Grotzinger, J., Rosejohn, S., and Kallen, K. J. (2003). Analysis of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor functional domains by chimeric receptors and cytokines. Biochemistry 42, 5244-5252. 

Plun-Favreau, H., Ferret, D., Diveu, C., Froger, J., Chevalier, S., Lelievre, E., Gascan, H., and Chabbert, M. (2003). Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-1, and oncostatin M share structural binding determinants in the immunoglobulin-like domain of LIF receptor./. Biol. Chem. 278, 27169-27179. 

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