Exocrine pancreatic secretion

The acinar cells of the pancreas are arranged in ellipsoidal structures known as acini. Each acinus contains about a dozen cells arranged around a lumen, which forms 

Enzymes are synthesized in the acinar cells by ribosomes situated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and sequestered in membrane-bound granules (Chapter 25) stored in the apex of the cell. Upon stimulation by the vagus nerve or by cholecystokinin, the contents of the granules are released into the lumen. 

The centroacinar and duct cells secrete bicarbonate ions under the control of gastrointestinal hormones. The bicarbonate ions are formed by the action of carbonic anhydrase  

The exact mechanism of HCOJ secretion into ductules is not known. 

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Excessive secretion of gastric acid, associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, can result in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers small changes in the composition of bile can result in crystallization of cholesterol as gallstones failure of exocrine pancreatic secretion (as in cystic fibrosis) leads to undernutrition... 

There is evidence that protease inhibitors selectively regulate the activity of specific digestive enzymes at the level of gene expression (Rosewicz et al., 1989). Specifically, soybean trypsin inhibitor increases secretion of proteases, including a form of trypsin that is resistant to inhibition but does not cause an increase in amylase secretion. Although the relationships between protease inhibitors and exocrine pancreatic secretion have received the most attention, pancreatic secretion is increased when potato fiber is added to the diet (Jacob et al., 2000), although the mechanism and signaling pathway have not been elucidated. 

JAKOB S, MOSENTHIN R, THAELA M J, WESTROM B R, REHFELD J F, OLSEN O, KARLSSON S, AHREN B, OHLSSON A, KARLSSON B w, PIERZYNOWSKI s G (2000) The influence of potato fibre on exocrine pancreatic secretions and on plasma levels of insulin, secretin and cholecystokinin in growing pigs. Arch Tierernahr. 53 273-91. 

CN167 Hedemann, M. S., A. R. Pedersen, and R. M. Engberg. Exocrine pancreatic secretion is stimulated in piglets fed... 

CN207 Gabert, V. M., M. S. Jensen, H. Jorgensen, R. M. Engberg, and S. K. Jensen. Exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs fed diets containing fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil. J Nutr 1996 126(9) 2076-2082. 

Solomon, T., Control of exocrine pancreatic secretion. In Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract (L. Johnson, ed.), pp. 1173-1207. Raven, New York, 1987. 

Pedersen, N.L.-R., Nagain-Domaine, C., Mahe, S., Chariot, J., Roze, C., and Tome, D. 2000. Caseinomacropeptide specifically stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion in anesthetized rat. Peptides 21, 1527-1535. 

The effect of a candidate compound on pancreas secretion can be measured in rats with acute pancreas fistula. For safety pharmacological assessment of candidate compounds the decrease of exocrine pancreatic secretion might be problematic due to the potential of induction of pancreatitis. 

Alvarez and Lopez (1989) studied the effect of alloxan diabetes on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the anesthetized rabbit. After a 14-15 hours fasting period, but with free access to water, rabbits weighing about 2.0 kg are anesthetized by intravenous injection of 1.0 g/kg urethane. After tracheotomy, a median laparotomy is performed, the main pancreatic duct is exposed and cannulated near its entrance to the duodenum following ligation of the pylorus and cannulation of the bile duct for deviation of bile to the exterior. 

Alphin RS, Lin TM (1959) Effect of feeding and sham feeding on pancreatic secretion of the rat. Am J Physiol 197 260-262 Alvarez C, Lopez MA (1989) The effect of alloxan diabetes on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the anesthetized rabbit. Intern J Pancreatol 5 229-238... 

Here, the pancreatic fistula technique in anesthetized dogs is described. The effect of exogenous hormones, e.g. secretin or gastrin, or of vagal stimulation, on exocrine pancreatic secretion can be measured in anesthetized dogs with acute pancreatic fistulas. 

Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion in Conscious Dogs (Chronic Duodenal Pouches in Dogs)... 

Mosenthin, R., Sauer, W.C. and Ahrens, F. 1994. Dietary pectin s effect on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility and exocrin pancreatic secretions in growing pigs, J. Nutr., 124 (8) 1222-1229. 

The regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion is complex and depends on stimulatory and inhibitory factors exerted through... 

Pancreatin, a pancreatic enzyme, is indicated in exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, as a digestive aid in cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea, and for other disorders of fat metabolism secondary to insufficient pancreatic enzymes. 

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