Enteroendocrine cells

Additionally, we demonstrated increased substance P and reduced vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels, and increased numbers of serotonin-positive enteroendocrine cells that correlated exactly with H. diminuta expulsion following primary and secondary infections (McKay et al., 1990a, 1991) whether these neu-rohormonal changes are a cause or an effect of worm rejection remains to be clarified. Indeed, the role of the enteric nervous system needs to be incorporated into the consideration of the enteric response to cestode infection (McKay and Fairweather, 1997). 

Glucose can be administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by oral gavage (p.o.). Injection is usually faster than gavage and allows for handling a larger number of mice however, it bypasses a potential effect from stimulating incretins in enteroendocrine cells. 

Duffy VB, Fast K, Cohen Z, Chodos E, Bartoshuk LM (1999) Genetic taste status associates with fat food acceptance and body mass index in adults. Chem Senses 24 545-546 Dyer J, Salmon KS, Zibrik L, Shirazi-Beechey SP (2005) Expression of sweet taste receptors of the T1R family in the intestinal tract and enteroendocrine cells. Biochem Soc Trans 33 302-305... 

A number of these peptides are found in the gut (in both enteroendocrine cells and enteric neurons) and brain. 

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) Enteric neurons and enteroendocrine cells of the rectum Inhibits insulin secretion Oral glucose intake and gastric acid secretion... 

Peptide YY (PYY) Enteroendocrine cells, developing pancreas alpha cells in mature islets 1. Inhibits both gastric acid secretion and gastric motility 2. Slows intestinal motility 3. Inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion 1. Oral nutrient ingestion 2. Bile acids and fatty acids 3. Amino acids in colon... 

Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary), also known as ADCYAPl, is a human gene. They are also considered a type of paracrine and autocrine regulators of enteroendocrine cells (neuroendocrine cells) [12],... 

Fig. 7.2 The incretin system. Relationship between the physiological effects of GLP-l and GIP on insulin secretion and the action of targets implied in T2DM treatment. GLP-l and GIP are released from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient ingestion to stimulate insulin secretion. However, their activity is reduced because of the cleavage of DPP-IV at the second residue of GLP-l and GIP. Two alternatives to avoid the cleavage are administration of incretin mimetics ot DPP-IV inhibitors...

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