Pancreas exocrine functions

Negligible effects on pancreas zinc concentration and on pancreas exocrine function (Lu and Combs 1988a). 

As patients lose exocrine function of the pancreas, they have decreased ability to absorb lipids and protein ingested with normal dietary intake. Weight loss from nutritional malabsorption is a common symptom of chronic pancreatitis not often seen in acute pancreatitis. Fatty- or protein-containing stools are also common carbohydrate absorption is usually unaffected. Even though patients with chronic pancreatitis have decreased ability to absorb lipid from the gastrointestinal tract, there does not appear to be an increased incidence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in these patients.34... 

Otsuki, M., Ohki, A., Okabayashi, Y., Suehiro, I., and Baba, S. (1987). Effect of synthetic protease inhibitor camostate on pancreatic exocrine function in rats. Pancreas, 2, 164-169. 

The effects of parenteral nutrition on endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas have been investigated in experimental rats (906). The conclusion was that after parenteral nutrition treatment the insulin secretory... 

Fan BG, Salehi A, Sternby B, Axelson J, Lundquist I, Andren-Sandberg A, Ekelund M. Total parenteral nutrition influences both endocrine and exocrine function of rat pancreas. Pancreas 1997 15(2) 147-53. 

The cellular composition of the pancreas has been described in great detail.10,28,35 The bulk of the gland consists of acinar cells that synthesize and release pancreatic digestive enzymes (thereby providing the exocrine function). Interspersed within the acinar tissues are smaller clumps of tissue known as the islets of... 

Diarrhea may cause acidosis as a result of loss of Na, Kfi and HCOJ. One of the primary exocrine functions of the pancreas is production of HCOs to neutralize gastric contents on entry into the duodenum. If the water, K", and HCO7 in the intestine are not reabsorbed, a hypokalemic, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis will develop. The resulting hyperchloremia is due to the replacement of lost bicarbonate with Cr to maintain electrical balance. 

The predominant exocrine functions of the pancreas are the production and secretion of pancreatic juice, which is rich in enzymes and bicarbonate. Normal pancreatic juice is colorless and odorless it has a pH of 8.0 to 8.3 and a specific gravity of 1.007 to 1.042. The total 24-hour secretion volume may be as high as 3000 mL. ... 

Czako L, Endes J, Takacs T, Boda K, Lonovics J. Evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function by secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Pancreas 2001 23 323-8. 

The pancreas serves as a secretory- (exocrine) and hormone- (endocrine) producing organ. Exocrine functions are difficult to assess in clinical studies in healthy infants but, as noted above, can be assessed by directly quantifying lumenal concentrations of enzymes and bicarbonate before and after a stimulus. It is only when pancreatic exocrine secretion is dramatically decreased that a deceleration of growth velocity occurs (Huynh and Couper, 2000). Severe pancreatic insufficiency can be monitored by measnring fat or certain enzymes (e.g., trypsin) in stools. Pancreatic endocrine dysfunction is most often manifested as diabetes, which can be assessed by obtaining serum insulin concentrations, blood, and urine glucose (Huynh and Couper, 2000). 

Pancreas Oral cholecysto-graphic agent iopanoate ( ) experimental Unknown excretion into pancreatic duct Schmiedl U etal (1994) Imaging of exocrine pancreatic function investigation of the bioavailability of weak organic acids as potential pancreatic contrast agents for computed tomography. Invest Radiol 29 689-694... 

The pancreas is a gland in the abdomen lying in the curvature of the stomach as it empties into the duodenum. The pancreas functions primarily as an exocrine gland, although it also has endocrine function. The exocrine cells of the pancreas are called acinar cells. They produce an alkaline fluid known as pancreatic... 

The pancreas is a small retroperitoneal organ located behind the stomach on the posterior abdominal wall.1,3 The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exact nationwide prevalence of all diseases of the pancreas has not been fully quantified however, DM, both types 1 and 2, affect nearly 21 million people in the United States alone. Some reasons for pancreas transplants include ... 

The pancreas is an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. The exocrine tissue produces a bicarbonate solution and digestive enzymes. These substances are transported to the small intestine where they play a role in the chemical digestion of food. These functions are fully discussed in Chapter 18 on the digestive system. 

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease of abnormal fluid secretion. It affects cells of the exocrine glands, such as intestine, sweat glands, pancreas, reproductive tract, and especially the respiratory tract. The disease affects about 1 in 2500 infants of the Caucasian population to varying degrees of seriousness. Patients produce thickened mucus that is difficult to get out of the airway. This leads to chronic lung infection, which progressively destroys pulmonary function. 

The acinar cells of pancreas synthesize, not only structural proteins and enzymes for their own metabolism, but also exocrine or exportable enzymes which are carried into the duodenum for digestive purposes. To this dual function corresponds a rather complicated system involving, besides biosynthesis itself, segregation, transport, storage, and final excretion. 

THE PANCREAS DISEASES AND ASSESSMENT OP EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION... 

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