Glucose in urine

In one such method (details of which are found on the Evolve site that accompanies this book), using Benedict s reagent (cupric ion complexed to citrate in alkaline solution), reducing substances convert cupric to cuprous ions, forming yellow cuprous hydroxide or red cuprous oxide. 

Convenient paper test strips are commercially available fi om a number of manufacturers (Clinistix and Diastix, Bayer Corp., and Cherastrip fxG, Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis). 

Ketone bodies Sulfanilamide Oxalic acid Hippuric acid Homogentisic acid Glucuronic acid Formaldehyde Isoniazid Salicylates Cinchophen Salicyluric acid 

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Williams, D.C., Huff, G.F., and Seitz, W.R. (1976) Glucose oxidase chemiluminescence measurement of glucose in urine compared with the hexokinase method. Clin. Chem. 22, 372. 

Bao YD, Silva TJ, Guerrant RL, Lima AM, Fox JW Direct analysis of mannitol, lactulose and glucose in urine samples by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulse amperometric detection - clinical evaluation of intestinal permeability in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Chromatogr 1996 685 105-112. 

A high level of glucose in urine and blood and the production of a lot of urine are signs of diabetes. 

Note First results for the determination of glucose in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using this hexokinase method have been published (SI99, S224). In this case the samples should be diluted with 1% bovine albumin solution. Good correspondence to a comparative method was described for CSF (S224). A 30% deviation was known for urine samples (SI99). 

Bandi ZL, Myers JL, Bee DE, James GP. Evaluation of determination of glucose in urine with some commercially available dipsticks and tablets, Clin Chem 1982 28 2110-5. 

Discuss the use of the Benedict s reagent to measure the level of glucose in urine. 

Most biochemical analyses arc quantitative, although simple qualitative or semi-quantitative tests such as those for the presence of glucose in urine are commonly encountered in methods used for biochemistry testing away from the laboratory. Many tests measure the amount of the analyte in a small volume of the sample, whether that is blotKl, plasma, serum, urine or some other fluid or ti.ssue. The test results are commonly expressed in molar units. A mole of any compound always contains 6 x 10 molecules. Describing how much of an analyte is present in moles indicates how many molecules of the substance are present. Molar units can be converted to mass units one mole is the molecular weight of the substance in grams. 

Watts, C. 1968. Failure of an impregnated cellulose strip as a test for glucose in urine. Veterinary Record 82 48-52. 

Analytical Characters.—A saccharine urine is usually abundant in quantity, pale in color, of high sp. gr., covered with a persistent froth on being shaken, and exhales a peculiar odor when evaporated it leaves a sticky residue. The presence of glucose in urine is indicated by the following tests ... 

Effervescent tablet test for glucose in urine 1956—Dip and read test strip for glucose in urine... 

Since blood serves as the primary metabolic transport system between the body organs, its composition is the preferred indicator with regard to the pathophysiological condition of the patient. This is the reason why most determinations are concerned with whole blood or biofluids derived from it. Glucose in urine is also an index component of metabolic disorders in patients. Other biological fluids have been considered as an alternative assay for blood glucose. 

Polyuria (glucose in urine— glycosuria causes an Cold clartmiy skin... 

The measurement of glucose in urine has been a topic of significant research projects. Tanaka et al. [185] reported a prediction error of 22.3 mg/dl. Another study reported the same error rate of 20.6 mg/dl [186]. However, in a subsequent study, Tanaka et al. reported a decrease in the accuracy of the method to 60 mg/dl when several persons were used to develop the calibration model [187]. 

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