Paints, health hazards

The metal is very effective as a sound absorber, is used as a radiation shield around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, and is used to absorb vibration. White lead, the basic carbonate, sublimed white lead, chrome yellow, and other lead compounds are used extensively in paints, although in recent years the use of lead in paints has been drastically curtailed to eliminate or reduce health hazards. 

Mineral spirits, a type of petroleum distillate popular for use in solvent-based house paints, consist mainly of aUphatic hydrocarbons with a trace of aromatics. This type of solvent finds use in oil- and alkyd-based house paints because of its good solvency with typical house paint binders and its relatively slow evaporation rate which imparts good bmshabiUty, open-time, and leveling. Other properties include lower odor, relatively lower cost, as well as safety and health hazard characteristics comparable to most other organic solvents. 

Founded as the National Asbestos Council, EIA is a resource for professionals in the management and control of health hazards to occupants of buildings, facilities, and industrial sites. It de >elops and disseminates information about asbestos, lead based paint hazards, underground storage tanks (USTs), indoor air quality, solid and hazardous waste. 

It is worthwhile drawing attention to health hazards associated with film infected water systems which also cause corrosion. Two of the most common are Legionnaires disease and so called humidifier fever . Because of strong adhesion of biofilms and diffusion rates through the film treatment based on cleaners and chemical sterilisers such as chlorine often fail similar considerations apply to other systems in industry, e.g. food, paint, oil and gas are examples where biofilm activities have given massive problems. 

Van Faassen, A. and Borm, P.J. (1991) Composition and health hazards of water-based construction paints results from a survey in the Netherlands. Environmental Health Perspectives, 92,... 

Explain how health hazards from paints can be avoided. 

This chapter discusses specific organ systems that contact a variety of substances in the workplace environment (or due to drug abuse and addiction), leading to health hazards. Important organs discussed here include the skin, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the renal system, and the central nervous system (CNS). In the United States and other countries of the world, the application of phenol is on the increase in the manufacture of aromatic compounds, explosives, fertilizers, paints, rubber products, wood preservatives, synthetic resins, drugs and pharmaceutical products, plastics, leather tanning and... 

Lead compounds were once widely used also for paints. They were in great demand because they covered surfaces well and were available in a number of vivid colors. Among these were lead chromate (yellow), lead molybdate (reddish-orange), lead(II) oxide (canary yellow), red lead oxide (Pb304 red), and white lead, a complex lead carbonate/lead hydroxide mixture. As with other lead compounds, however, the potential health hazards of the element have greatly reduced the availability of lead-based paints. 

A novel nonisocyanate polyurethane binder for monolithic flooring and industrial paint compositions was produced on an industrial scale [34], The two component binders have unique properties that combine the best mechanical properties of polyurethane and the chemical resistance of epoxy binders [35,36], The polyurethane binders do not present health hazards because they do not consist of isocyanate... 

Mehlman MA, Smart CL. 1982. A comparative toxicological evaluation of paint solvents. In Englund A, Ringen K, Mehiman MA, eds. Occupational health hazards of solvents. Princeton, NJ Princeton Scientific Publishers, 53-67. 

Because of their excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high thermal and chemical stability and high dielectric constant, boiling point, and flame resisfance, PCBs were widely used in transformer oils, capacitors, heat-transfer and hydraulic fluids, vacuum pump fluids and lubricating oils. They are also used as plasticizers and adhesives, in surface coatings and sealants, and in paints, printing inks, and fire refardants. However, due to their health hazards, current production of these compounds has been drastically reduced. 

New resins, solvents, additives, cross-linking agents, and other paint components are subjected to toxicological tests to determine any possible health-hazard effects before they are used in commercial formulations. 

Numerous books dealing with emulsions and suspensions focus on surfactants and formulations, generally in such fields as agronomy, food sciences, and the paint and petroleum industries. Much less attention has been paid to pharmaceutical systems, which are unique and more specific in their applications, toxicity, health hazards, drug delivery, and legislation. In fact, there is no comprehensive and practical text available on this subject, notwithstanding the great demand. This book has been written to remedy this situation. 

Ciiem. Descrip. Capryl hydroxyethyl imidazoline CAS 37478-68-5 EINECS/ELINCS 253-521-2 Uses Wetting agent, emulsifier for nonpolar liqs. detergent, thickener, corrosion inhibitor, antistat, softener, bactericide in paints and textiles Regulatory DOT corrosive liq. SARA 311/312 immediate health hazard, 313 nonreportable... 

Isocyanates, both in monomeric and in polymeric forms, are extensively used for manufacturing polyurethane foams, paints, adhesives, and a number of other products. The health hazards posed by the presence of isocyanates at workplaces, chiefly respiratory tract diseases, have become a source of major concern for occupational health officials. Atmospheric pollution by isocyanates has so far been assessed using two different approaches. One, widely employed to date, involves the determination of several specific isocyanates compounds for which threshold values have been established the other has become a priority choice for air monitoring programs in recent years and entails determining the concentration of all isocyanate species present. 

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