Paints fatty acid composition

J.S. Mills, The gas chromatographic examination of paint media. Part I Fatty acid composition and identification of dried oil films, Studies in Conservation, 11, 92 107 (1966). 

Fatty acid composition of regular flax oil is different from other commercial oils because of the very high contribution of ALA, usually above 50% (Table 2). Because of the high content of this unique fatty acid, flaxseed and flax oil are often used as food supplements, where enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids is needed. This fatty acid is susceptible to oxidation it oxidizes 20 0 times faster than oleic acid and 2 times faster than linoleic acid (8). This property makes the oil a good material for paint and plastic production where fast oxidation is required. Flax oil contains low amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared with low linolenic flax oil (Linola), soybean, and sunflower oils however, it is higher than canola oil (Table 2). Canola oil contains the lowest amount of SFA among all commercial oils. 

Standard Test Method for Fatty Acid Composition by Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Methyl Esters Oils and Oil Acids in Solvent-Redncible Paints Standard Test Method for Analysis of High-Pnrity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary GC Standard Test Method for C8 Aromatic Hydrocarbons by GC... 

Nature has provided a few hydroxy fatty acyl oils that are useful for polyol synthesis. Castor oil has important industrial applications due to its ricinoleic acid content (12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid), which comprises over 89% of its overall fatty acid composition (Ogunniyi, 2006). Ricinoleic acid contains a secondary hydroxyl group within its structure which renders castor oil suitable for many applications such as adhesives and coatings, paints and varnishes, polyurethane films, elastomers and foams, among others (Ogunniyi, 2006). 

A variety of waxy hydrophobic hydrocarbon-based soHd phases are used including fatty acid amides and sulfonamides, hydrocarbon waxes such as montan wax [8002-53-7], and soHd fatty acids and esters. The amides are particularly important commercially. One example is the use of ethylenediamine distearamide [110-30-5] as a component of latex paint and paper pulp blackHquor defoamer (11). Hydrocarbon-based polymers are also used as the soHd components of antifoaming compositions (5) examples include polyethylene [9002-88-4], poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2], and polymeric ion-exchange resins. 

By depolymerizing PET waste with a polyol and subsequently condensing the oligomeric product with a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, polyester resins are produced which have wide industrial applications. Depending on the polyol and polycarboxylic acid or anhydride used, saturated resins, alkyd resins, or unsaturated resins are obtained. PET wastes have been used for the production of alkyd resins in water thinnable paints. The materials obtained from the reaction of PET with a mixture of fatty acids high in linoleic acid content and trimethylolethane have been used in the preparation of water-dispersible coatings. Products of the depolymerization of PET with trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are used in the manufacture of high-solids paints. In the first step, PET is depolymerized with trimethylopropane and pentaerythritol at temperatures of 230-240°C. The final paint compositions contain 30-50% of PET depolymerization products.12... 

The fatty acid percentage composition of some fresh lipids which may be encountered in an archaeological context or in a painting is reported in Table 1.3. 

Schilling M.R., Khanjian H.P., Carson D.M., Fatty acid and glycerol content of lipids. Part II. Effects of ageing and solvent extraction on the composition of oil paints, Techne, 1997, 5, 71 78. 

Most binders are solutions, such as linseed oil, which is composed of a number of fat and fatty acid molecules. Egg yolk is composed of water, fat molecules, lecithin, protein, dextrose, cholesterol, lutein, and other trace substances. These compositions of binding solutions allow more opportunities for uniform pigment adhesion and permanent paint qualities. 

The hydroxy fatty acid, ricinoleic acid (Cl8 1 (OH)) can account for up to 90% of castor bean oil composition. It is mainly used as an industrial oil in paints and varnishes. It is also used as a plasticiser in soaps, waxes, polishes and... 

Tall oil heads (light ends) n. Low-boihng fractions obtained by the fractional distillation of crude tall oil under reduced pressure. The composition of these products varies over a wide range but contains palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and stearic acids together with lesser amounts of other saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The neutral materials content is normally high. Paint pigment, drying oils, polymers, resins, naval stores, cellulosics esters, and... 

The binder is also the paint vehicle and for oil-based paints, consists of a drying oil which contains double bonds. A list of various oils and their average compositions in terms of the fatty acids is given in Table 13.1. These oils are called triglycerides because they are fatty acid esters of glycerol. 

Plant oils and animal fat are mostly unsatured fatty acids. Some of these oily products are already well known by the public from their use in paint (e.g., flax (linseed) tung oils are drying oils used in paints, varnishes and enamels) or in soaps, detergents, cosmetics and lubricant applications. Plant oils increasingly become a source of raw material to produce thermoset resins that can be mixed widi natural fibres in order to achieve light and resistant composite materials. The combination of bio-based resins with natural fibres (plant and poultry) or... 

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