P-Methylacrylates

Synonyms 2-Butenoic acid a-Butenoic acid a-Crotonic acid p-Meth-acrylic acid 3-Methylacr ic acid p-Methylacrylic acid Classification Aliphatic organic compd. 

Methylacrylic acid. See Crotonic acid a-Methylacrylic acid. See Methacrylic acid P-Methylacrylic acid. See Crotonic acid... 

Ethyl-2-methylacrylate Ethyl-a-methyl acrylate. See Ethyl methacrylate Ethyl p-methylacrylate. See Ethyl crotonate N-Ethyl-3-methylaniline. See N-Ethyl-m-toluidine... 

Methyl methacrylate monomer, see Methyl methacrylate IV-Methylmethanamine, see Dimethylamine Methyl methanoate, see Methyl formate Methyl-a-methylacrylate, see Methyl methacrylate Methyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate, see Methyl methacrylate Methyl 2-methyl-l-propenyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide p-Methylnaphthalene, see 2-Methylnaphthalene IV-Methyl-l-naphthylcarbamate, see Carbaryl IV-Methyl-a-naphthylcarbamate, see Carbaryl IV-Methyl-a-naphthylurethan, see Carbaryl... 

The aldehyde can be replaced by an imine and the reaction is then called the aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction [87, 88]. (3-Amino-a-methylene structures obtained in this way could further be converted to a range of biologically important molecules, such as p-amino acids [89]. First reaction of this kind was published in 1984 [90]. Tosylimines and ethylacrylate reacted in the presence of DABCO as catalyst to give p-aminoesters. First three-component aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction was published in 1989 by Bertenshaw and Kahn [91], with imine formation in situ from an aldehyde and an amine. In the presence of triphenylphosphine as catalyst, the reaction with methylacrylate led to the formation of the p-amino-ot-methylene esters and ketones in good yields (Scheme 38). 

To predict the glass transition temperature of (styrene + methylacrylate + hep-tyl acrylate) terpolymerization products from Eq. (7.2) one should calculate the fractions of all dyads using reactivity ratios (7.4). Combining such calculations with experimental data on glass transition temperatures of homopolymers and alternating binary copolymers... 

Was used in prepn of acrylate resins and of other copolymers and polymers. Acrylate resins are thermoplastic polymers or polymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid, esters of these acids or acrylonitrile. Acrylic acid acrylonitrile and their derivatives are described in Vol 1 of Encycl, pp A96-R A97. Methacrylic acid is a-methylacrylic acid, CH CfCH COOH described in CondChem ict (1961), p 723-R... 

ETHYL METHANESULFONATE see EMF500 ETHYL METHANESULPHONATE see EMF500 ETHYL METHANOATE see EKLOOO ETHYL METHANSULFONATE see EMF500 ETHYL METHANSULPHONATE see EMF500 ETHYL-4-METHOXYBENZOATE see AOVOOO ETHYL-p-METHOXYBENZOATE see AOVOOO ETHYL-2-METHYLACRYLATE see EMFOOO... 

Laurence, W.H., Bas, G.E., Purcell, W.P., Autian, J. (1972) Use of mathematical models in the study of structure-toxicity relationships of dental compounds I. Esters of acrylic and methylacrylic acids. J. Dent. Res. 51, 526-535. 

Both developments opened up a new era of asymmetric hydroformylation. The results are promising and research is now focused on the synthesis of structurally related ligands. Other ligands, such as the P-N ligand 10, are also showing very high selectivities. Faraone and co-workers, in the hydroformylation of vinyl-naphthalene, reported the exclusive formation of the branched aldehyde while a rhodium/10 catalyst was used (conversion 100%) [84], The enantiomeric excess obtained was 78 % for the / -enantiomer. With methylacrylates an ee of 92 % was observed. For further informations see Sections 2.9 and 3.3.1. 

The IR and Raman spectra of Ln(Hnico)2(p-Hnico)(H20), where Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Er or Tm, H2nico - 2-hydroxynicotinic acid, show coordination by a unidentate carboxylate and phenolate oxygen atoms.351 The bridging bidentate carboxylate groups in [Tb2Zn2Li0(bipy)(H2O)2]2, where HL = a-methylacrylic acid, have vasC02 at 1557 cm-1, and vsC02 at 1431 cm-1.352... 

Most reactions of tertiary enamines have been performed with (5)-prdine derivatives. The first examples of 1,4-additions to a, 3-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones exhibited mediocre selectivities (ee < 60%) [173]. However, the reactions of two enamines of cyclohexanone, 7.109 and 7.110, with methylacrylate lead to the expected adducts with a high enantiomeric excess but a poor chemical yield [173] (Figure 7.72). The addition of an (.S)-prolinol-derived enamine to an a-tri-methylsilyl-a,P-unsaturated ketone also gives useful selectivity [162]. Seebach and coworkers reacted enamine 7.110 (R = Me) with a,P-unsaturated gem-diesters or 2-aryl-l-nitroethylenes and obtained the expected 1,4-adducts with a high selectivity [162] (Figure 7.72). Martens and Lubben [294] proposed the use of enamine 7.111 for similar purposes, but the selectivity was not as high as with 7.110 (R = Me) (Figure 7.72). 

Acrylic structural adhesives have been modified by elastomers in order to obtain a phase-separated, toughened system. A significant contribution in this technology has been made in which acrylic adhesives were modified by the addition of chlorosulfonated polyethylene to obtain a phase-separated structural adhesive (11). Such adhesives also contain methyl methacrylate, glacial methacrylic acid, and cross-linkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [97-90-5]. The polymerization initiation system, which includes cumene hydroperoxide, IV,AT - dimethyl-p- toluidine, and saccharin, can be applied to the adherend surface as a primer, or it can be formulated as the second part of a two-part adhesive. Modification of cyanoacrylates using elastomers has also been attempted copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene ethylene copolymers with methylacrylate or copolymers of methacrylates with butadiene and styrene have been used. However, because of the extreme reactivity of the monomer, modification of cyanoacrylate adhesives is very difficult and material purity is essential in order to be able to modify the cyanoacrylate without causing premature reaction. 

Lithium salts of t-butylhydrazones of aldehydes have been shown to be useful acyl anion equiv-alents. Treatment of an aldehyde r-butylhydrazone with an alkyllithium reagent or LDA gives the am-bident nucleophile (95), which reacts with both aldehydes and ketones to give carbon-substituted products as shown in equation (35). The condensation works best with nonenolizable carbonyl derivatives. Extension of this chemistry to the reaction of (95) with a,3-unsaturated carbonyl compounds met with mixed success. While good yields of Michael products were seen in the addition of (95) to methyl crotonate, other a,p-unsaturated electrophiles such as methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and methyl P,p-di-methylacrylate gave negligible yields of carbon-substituted products. 

MDEA methyldiethanolamine, NPG N-phenylglycine, MBO mercaptobenzoxale, BEA alkyl p-dimethylamino benzoate, MA methylacrylate, MMA methylmethacrylate, AN acrylonitrile, VA vinylacetate, VE vinylether. See text. 

A typical plot of 1/P against T/n is shown in Figure 26, leading to computation of rotational relaxation times given In Table 6 (81) for various polymers and fluorescent probes. It is evident that with probes derived from anthracene and 9-methylanthracene on the ends of chains, relaxation is too rapid for accurate measurement. More recently, results have been obtained that indicate that the rotational relaxation time for an anthracene molecule incorporated in a terminal site in poly(styrene) is 0.86 nsec, compared with that in a site within the chain of 4.7 nsec (83). While the method is applicable to relatively immobile methacrylate and styrene-based polymers, again relaxation times were too short for the more flexible polymers such as poly-(methylacrylate) and poly(vinylacetate). 

Ethyl-2-methylacrylate Ethyl-oc-methyl acrylate. See Ethyl methacrylate N-Ethyl-p-methylbenzene sulfonamide. See Ethyl toluenesulfonamide Ethylmethyl carbinol. See 2-Butanol... 

CAS 2082-81-7 EINECS/ELINCS 218-218-1 Synonyms BDMA 1,4-Butylene glycol dimethacrylate 2-Methylacrylic acid 4-(2-methylacryloyloxy) butyl ester Empirical C12H18O4 Formula [H2C=C(CH3)C02CH2CH2l2 Properties M.w. 226.28 dens. 1.023 b.p. 132-134 C (4 mm) flash pt. > 110 C ref. index 1.4560 (20 C)... 

CAS 13189-00-9 EINECS/ELINCS 236-144-8 Synonyms Methacrylic acid, zinc salt 2-Methylacrylic acid zinc salt 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, zinc salt ZDMA Zinc dimethacrylate Zinc 2-methyl-2-propenoate Classification Nonaromatic acid salt Empirical CsHio04Zn Properties M.w. 235.54 m.p. 229-232 C Toxicology Irritating to eyes, skin, respiratory system sensitizer TSCA listed Uses Coagent, scorch retarder, crosslinking agent for elastomer processing and cure polymer modifier... 

Various catalyst types were tested with a wide variety of substrates. For example, p-iodonitrobenzene and styrene react according to the Heck cross coupling to p-nitrostilbene with a yield of 99%. This situation is similar for many other reactions of styrene and methylacrylate with other reactants containing iodine and bromine. On the other hand, chlorobenzene reacts with styrene only in trace amounts. 

---