Ozonation effects

Ozone Effective disinfectant, kills rapidly Must be produced on-site, harmful to humans... 

More recently, B. Goldstein and McDonagh demonstrated that the native protein fluorescence (280-nm excitation, 330-nm emission) of red-cell membranes exposed in vitro to ozone at 1 ppm was a somewhat more sensitive indicator of ozone effect than other characteristics measured in the same em, including oxidation of cell-membrane sulfhydiyl groups, loss of acetylcholinesterase activity, and formation of lipid peroxide breakdown products. 

Hurst, D. J., and D. L. Coffin. Ozone effect on lysosomal hydrolases of alveolar macrophages in vitro. Arch. Intern. Med. 127 1059-1063, 1971. 

A number of reviews of varied quality cover general or special effects of photochemical oxidants on vegetation (Table 11-1). Thomas fairly comprehensively covered the available information on the effects of photochemical oxidants on plants. Middleton gave the first comprehensive coverage of the phytotoxic effects of photochemical oxidants in 1961. A number of excellent reviews have appeared since 1%1. Rich presented an early review of ozone effects. Dugger and associates presented the physiologic and biochemical effects of oxidants on plants. Heck covered factors that influenced the expression of oxidant dam-... 

This section deals with published data related to short-term exposures of sensitive plants to ozone and the resulting responses. In most cases, the measure of response is a subjective estimate of visible injury. However, various growth measures have been reported in some research, and correlations between injury and growth measures are often possible (Table 11-3). These acute ozone effects have received sufficient study to permit the construction of preliminary models to relate time, ozone concentration, and plant response for a number of plant species. 

Hill, A. C., and N. Littlefield. Ozone. Effect on apparent photo thesis, rate of transpiration, and stomatal closure In plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3 52-56, 1969. 

Ormrod, D. P., N. O. Adedipe, and G. Hofstra. Ozone effects on growth of radish plants as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition and by temperature. Plant Soil 39 437-439, 1973. 

One of the principal modifiers of the magnitude of response to ozone is minute ventilation (Vt), which increases proportionally with increase in exercise workload. Studies show that the heavier the workload the greater is the potentiation of ozone effects on the lung. Surprisingly, patients with mild to moderate respiratory disease do not appear to be more sensitive than normal subjects to threshold ozone concentrations. "... 

In previous studies of ozone effects on the ultrastructure of leaf tissue, it was reported that the earliest changes observed involved the chloroplasts (1, and an apparent swelling of the mitochondria ( ). Thomson (1,) noted that the first... 

Epinephrine, chemiluminescence, 647 6-Epiplakortolide E, synthesis, 256, 257 Epithelial cells, ozone effects, 612 Epothilone B, dioxirane epoxidation synthesis, 1145... 

Nearly all ozonation effects and their respective extent and kinetic pattern depend on the amount of ozone consumed in the ozone contactor and subsequent reactors. This requires the search for and definition of optimal operational parameters for an ozonation stage, such as a concentration-time-value (c-f-value) for a given degree of disinfection or the ratio of ozone mass consumed per mass of organic compounds initially present. 

The formation of keto-phosphonate structure within macromolecule leads to the removal of internal unsaturation. Triallyl cyanurate and ionizing irradiations [210] made a E-P block copolymer-PE blend thermally stable. Triallyl cyanurate increases the crosslinking density probably due to addition reactions between polymeric and allyl radicals produced by ionizing radiation. The addition of 2,2,4-trimethyl-l,2-di-hydroquinoline and bis[4(l-methyl-1-phenylethyl)pheny 1]-amine stabilized a PE-EPDM blend against heat [211]. Popov et al. [212] studied the ozone effect on PE-iPP blend. The oxidation rate was detected in relation to... 

Bravo, K.A.S., Lopez, F.N.A., Garcia, P.G., Quintana, M.C., and Fernandez, A.G. 2007. Treatment of green table olive solutions with ozone. Effect on their polyphenol content and on Lactobacillus pentosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. International Journal of Food Microbiology 114 60-68. 

Fig. 2. Ozone effect on solar radiation (left) and dependence of ozone concentration on atmospheric altitute (right). In the left part the dotted curve represents the photon distribution of solar energy outside the atmosphere (based on the assumption of black body radiation at T = 5773 K). The full curve gives the photon distribution of solar radiation reaching earth surface (see Ref.8. The ozone effect is shown by shadowed area, the dicline above 800 nm is mainly due to absorption by water vapour. On the right side the full curve represents qualitatively a typical ozone profile, the real ozone distribution significantly depends on the local situation (geography), see Ref.15)...

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