Growth, measurement

Additional research with Lemna species has indicated that parameters other than direct growth measurements may be more sensitive In this bioassay. Table VII compares growth and chlorophyll content of L. minor as affected by catechln. Final frond number was inhibited by 1000 pM catechln and stimulated at lower concentrations of 50 and 100 pM. Chlorophyll content on a per-frond basis, however, was consistently Inhibited by catechln and was concentration dependent to 100 pM. 

Nichols, H. W. (1973). Growth media - fresh water. In Handbook of Phycological Methods, Culture Methods and Growth Measurement. J. R. Stein (ed), pp 7-24. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 

An interesting correlation of the rate of fire growth measured by flame volume was given by Labes [24] and Waterman [25]. They show that after room flashover in a room of volume Vo, the Are volume (Vf) grows as... 

Growth measured in optical density units with a Welch Densichron. 6 Equal concentration of each total is twice the value given. 

Our laboratory uses a mouse model to study preventative and therapeutic vaccination strategies for human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated tumors. For preventative vaccination studies, six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice are injected subcutaneously with LPDI on days 0 and 5 and are challenged on day 10 with a subcutaneous injection of 10 E7-expressing TC-1 tumor cells with tumor growth measured three times weekly. 

Interpretation of these studies is difficult, because of surface loss of contaminants in the chambers. The decrease in mouse fertility (duplicated in a second experiments ), the decrease in mouse physical activity, and the increase in susceptibility to infections suggest that some functional measurements were more sensitive for detecting effects than conventional histolc c, hematolc c, or growth measurements. It is doubtful, however, whether any of the observed changes could be considered chronic effects, i.e., irreversible or progressive in the absence of continued exposure. 

Many workers have used controlled additions of ozone in acute or chronic studies to determine effects on a variety of growth measures. These studies suggest results attributable to ambient oxidants in field... 

This section deals with published data related to short-term exposures of sensitive plants to ozone and the resulting responses. In most cases, the measure of response is a subjective estimate of visible injury. However, various growth measures have been reported in some research, and correlations between injury and growth measures are often possible (Table 11-3). These acute ozone effects have received sufficient study to permit the construction of preliminary models to relate time, ozone concentration, and plant response for a number of plant species. 

Typical results with such crack growth measurements are shown in Figure 3. In this example a notched specimen was used, with the first gold strip located immediately below the notch, and the phE recorded. The voltage is steady between... 

According to ICH S6(R1), prenatal diagnostic procedures and growth measurements are no longer required, since birth weights of infants will be available. The use of ultrasound for the detection of malformations is not considered appropriate. 

Fig. 3.4 Time dependence of CdSe (nitrilotriacetate bath, hydroxide mechanism, room temperature) fihn growth measured by quartz crystal microbalance.

For clinical practice, the lowest effective dose should be achieved, and all children using inhaled glucocorticoids should have their growth measured every 6 months, as this is a sensitive method of detecting significant systemic effects (84,140). 

The gel microdroplet technique is described in articles by Powell KT, Weaver JC (1990). Gel microdroplets and flow cytometry Rapid determination of antibody secretion by individual cells within a cell population. Bio/Technology 8 333 337 and Weaver JC, Bliss JG, Powell KT, et al. (1991). Rapid clonal growth measurements at the single cell level. Bio/ Technology 9 873. 

Fig. 11.12. Reprinted from Weaver JC, et al. (1991). Rapid clonal growth measurements at the single cell level gel microdroplets and flow cytometry. Bio/Technology 9 873.

Hambsch, B., Werner, P., and Frimmel, F. H. (1992). Bacterial growth measurements in treated waters from different origin. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. 20, 9-14. 

Fig. 3. Growth kinetics of YR-1 strain and appearance of AO activity as function of incubation time in different carbon sources. The 164,500g supernatant of samples from different incubation times from mycelium cells grown aerobically in sMMP supplemented with 1% hexadecane (A) or glucose (B), was used to measure the AO activity using decanol ( )or hexadecanol (A) as substrates. Protein ( ) indicates fungus growth measure. One unit of activity, pmol of H202 / (mg of protein ( min) protein, A280nm.

BOA was first discovered by Virtanen and Hietala in 195739 as an anti-Fusarium compound in 4-days-old rye seedlings. Following this, different research projects were conducted to find the antipest significance of this compound in nature.18,38,40,41 In recent years the biological activity studies of BOA have also focused on plant metabolism inhibitory activity. A major part of these studies was based on the germination rate and on the root and shoot growth measurements of the species tested. 

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