Ionizing irradiation

Fumigation with ethylene oxide does indeed lead to a considerable reduction in the germ count (and at the same time destruction of insects), but the process, because of the formation of toxic reaction products (ethylene chlorhydrin, ethylene glycol) has been banned throughout the European Community since 01.01.1990 Ionizing irradiation a declaration of the treatment is obligatory, but such drugs find little acceptance by the public who expect nature s products as such. 

The use of ionizing irradiation on fruits and vegetables has not been intensively studied, but a few experiments have suggested that irradiation has potential for such an application (Allende et al., 2006 Zhang et al., 2006). Results from Buchanan et al. (1998) indicated that low-dose irradiation could easily eliminate E. coli 0157 H7 from fresh apple juice, but they also showed that acid-adapted strains needed higher doses of irradiation in order to obtain a 5 D inactivation in juice (73-value decimal reduction time, i.e. the amount of time it takes at a certain temperature to kill 90% of the organisms being studied (Wikipedia, 2006)). In experiments where sprouts were irradiated... 

Non-thermal processes other than ionizing irradiation are processes such as ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and pulsed electric fields (PEFs) (Raso and Barbosa-Canovas, 2003 Ross el al., 2003). 

Ionizing agents, 20 154-155 Ionizing irradiation, in wastewater treatment, 25 911 Ionizing radiation... 

Buchko GW, Cadet J, Ravanat JL, Labataille P (1993) Isolation and characterization of a new product produced by ionizing irradiation and type I photosensitization of 2 -deoxyguanosine in oxygen-saturated aqueous solution (2S)-2,5 -ANHYDRO-l-(2 -deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-guanidin ylidene- 2-hydroxy-4-oxoimidazolidine. Int J Radiat Biol... 

Jahroudi N, Ardekani AM, Greenberger JS, etal. Ionizing irradiation increases transcription of the von Willebrand factor gene in endothelial cells. Blood 1996 88 3801-3814. 

Two types of Ce centers in calcite were detected by steady-state spectroscopy (Kasyanenko and Matveeva 1987). The first one has two bands at 340 and 370 nm and is connected with electron-hole pair Ce -COj". The second one has a maximum at 380 nm and was ascribed to a complex center with Ce and OH or H2O as charge compensators. Such a center becomes stronger after ionizing irradiation and disappears after thermal treatment. The typical example of Ce luminescence in the time-resolved liuninescence of calcite consists of a narrow band at 357 nm with very short decay time of 30 ns, which is very characteristic for Ce " (Fig. 4.13a). It was found that Ce " excitation bands occurs also in the Mn " " excitation spectrum, demonstrating that energy transfer from Ce to Mn " occurs (Blasse and Aguilar 1984). 

DNA Damage Dictates the Biological Consequences of Ionizing Irradiation The Chemical Pathways... 

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), according to one source, degrades upon ionizing irradiation in a similar fashion as PTFE at ambient and elevated... 

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