Operating parameters, optimization

The algorithm in Fig. 7.27 is characterized by two optimization loops. The inner loop describes the operating parameter optimization based on the strategies introduced before. When for one set-up (e.g. one column length) the optimized operating parameters have been found, a new set-up (e.g. another column length) has to be chosen, represented by the outer design parameter optimization loop. This proce-... 

Geddes, K., Adamson, G., Dube, N., Crathern, S., King, R.C. (2009) Semi-automated tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) triple quadrupole operating parameter optimization for high-throughput MS/MS detection workflows. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 23(9), 1303-1312. 

Driss, M.R. and Bouguerra, M.L. Analysis of volatile organic compounds in water by purge and trap and gas chromatographic techniques. Operational parameters optimization of the purge step. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 1991,45,193-204. 

In the near future the technique will be further evaluated using ultrasonic signals from natural defects, e.g., fatigue cracks. The performance measure and the parameter optimization procedure wilt also be refined in order to obtain a computationally efficient implementation, easy to use for a trained operator. 

Operational Constraints and Problems. Synthetic ammonia manufacture is a mature technology and all fundamental technical problems have been solved. However, extensive know-how in the constmction and operation of the faciUties is required. Although apparendy simple in concept, these facihties are complex in practice. Some of the myriad operational parameters, such as feedstock source or quaUty, change frequendy and the plant operator has to adjust accordingly. Most modem facihties rely on computers to monitor and optimize performance on a continual basis. This situation can produce problems where industrial expertise is lacking. 

The procedure proposed for the optimization work is the Smith-Brinkley Method. It is especially good for the uses described in this section. The more accurately known the operating parameters, such as tray temperatures and internal traffic, the more advantageous the Smith-Brinkley Method becomes. 

The expression that gives the optimum particle diameter is given by equation (27), chapter 12 and is reiterated here. The optimization of the particle diameter will be considered first, as each of the other operating parameters will, directly or indirectly, be determined by the magnitude of the optimum particle diameter. 

In order to achieve the best efficiency the SEC column should be operated at optimized operating parameters. The most important ones are flow rate [cf. van Deemter equation for band-broadening effects (21)], sample viscosity (depends on molar mass and concentration of the sample), and injection volume (7). 

The second interface design that was developed for use with yu-SEC-CZE used the internal rotor of a valve for the collection of effluent from the SEC microcolumn. The volume collected was reduced to 500 nL, which increased the resolution when compared to the valve-loop interface (20). However, a fixed volume again presented the same restrictions on the SEC and CZE operating parameters. An entirely different approach to the interface design was necessary to optimize the conditions in both of the microcolumns. 

Short residence time of the product in the evaporator Close correlation between operating parameter and product specs Optimized energy consumption Easy startup/shutdown operations... 

If this criterion cannot be met, optimize the instmment operating parameters or change the instrument method parameters such as injection size until a signal-to-noise ratio of 9 1 is obtained. 

EG G Princeton Applied Research (Analytical Instrument Division), Application Note C-3, Operating Parameters for Optimization of the Model 310, 1980. 

Remediation optimization uses defined approaches to improve the effectiveness and efficiency with which an environmental remedy reaches its stated goals. Optimization approaches might include third-party site-wide optimization evaluations conducted by expert teams, the use of mathematical tools to determine optimal operating parameters or monitoring networks, or the consideration of emerging technologies. Since 1999, U.S. EPA has promoted remediation optimization in the following manner ... 

Ambulgekar et al. [30] investigated the oxidation of toluene using aqueous KMn04 as an oxidizing agent in the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with an objective of optimization of the operating parameters. The reaction scheme can be depicted as follows ... 

The operating parameters used in the experimental work for the optimization exercise include inlet pressure (1 1 kg/cm2), concentration of the controlling reactant species (oxidant i.e. KMnC>4 in this case with concentration varied in the range 0.2-0.5 mol/L per mol of the toluene), type of the orifice plate (without orifice plate, orifice plates of two different geometries). The optimized conditions as obtained in the study are inlet pressure of 3 kg/cm2, 0.4 mol/L of the oxidant (beyond these values, the increase in the cavitational yield is only marginal) and orifice plate with more number of holes (cavitational yield is maximum out of all the geometries considered in the work). 

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