Outlines of Industrial Chemistry

Messrs. Franklin Charles List Metallurgical Series Outlines of Industrial Chemistry Practical Manuals for Practical Men... 

One hundred years ago, in September 1888, Professor Lewis Mills Norton (1855-1893) of the Chemistry Department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology introduced to the curriculum a course on industrial chemical practice. This was the first structured course in chemical engineering taught in a University. Ten years later, Norton s successor Frank H. Thorpe published the first textbook in chemical engineering, entitled Outlines of Industrial Chemistry. Over the years, chemical engineering developed from a simple industrial chemical analysis of processes into a mature field. 

Therefore, this book is to give the analyst - whether a newcomer wishing to acquaint themself with new methods or a materials analyst needing to inform themself on methods that are not available in their own laboratory - a clue about the principles, instrumentation, and applications of the methods, techniques, and procedures of surface and thin-film analysis. The first step into this direction was the chapter Surface and Thin Film Analysis of Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Vol. B6, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2002) in which practitioners give briefly outline the methods. 

This book cannot, and is not intended to, compete with specialized textbooks, but hopefully gives a comprehensive and integrated outline of the fascinating subject of chemical technology and all its facets. It intends to be of value to all students of chemical engineering and technical chemistry, as well as to researchers and people from industry needing a concise book that covers all main aspects of industrial chemistry. 

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in both total oxidation and combustion and also in selective oxidation. For each topic, fundamental aspects are paralleled with industrial applications. The book covers oxidation catalysis, one of the major areas of industrial chemistry, outlining recent achievements, current challenges and future opportuiuties. One distinguishing feature of the book is the selection of arguments which are emblematic of current trends in the chemical industry, such as miniaturization, use of alternative, greener oxidants, and innovative systems for pollutant abatement. Topics outlined are described in terms of both catalyst and reaction chemistry, and also reactor and process technology. 

Siik is just one exampie of macromoiecuies, aiso known as poiymers. Macromoiecuies are the subject of this chapter. The principies introduced in Chapters 9-11 help to explain the properties of these molecules, many of which are carbon-based. In this chapter, we outline the principles of the stmcture and synthesis of the major classes of macromoiecuies and describe the properties that give these chemical substances central roles in industrial chemistry and biochemistry. We describe the components from which macromoiecuies are constmcted, some important industrial polymers, and the macromoiecuies found in living systems. 

Cross, Charles F (1855 1935) British scientist, a pioneer in modern cellulose chemistry his prepn of acetyl benzoyl celluloses (1889-90) was a prelude to the great achievement of his career, the discovery of cellulose Na xanthate (viscose) which Was patented under the names of Cross, Bevan Beadle (1892). Cross E.J. Bevan published "Textbook of Papermaking (1887), "Cellulose, an Outline of the Structural Elements of Plants (1895), Wood Pulp and Its Applications (1911), and numerous other Works on every aspect of cellulose. The pioneer work and the persistent successful efforts of Cross were duly recognized during his life. He was awarded the medal of the Society of Chemical Industry... 

One of the exciting developments associated with ion-selective electrodes has been the fabrication of microelectrodes capable of monitoring an intracellular ion concentration. The history of these developments from the mid-1950s has been reviewed.88 a symposium held in 1996 was devoted to the history of ion-selective electrodes. One paper discussed their development and commercialization,89 another described how the 1970s was the decade in which they really became established,90 a third outlined their industrial applications,91 and a fourth traced the evolution of blood chemistry analyses using them.92 The first attempts to construct biochemical sensors by immobilizing enzymes on electrodes date from the 1960s.93... 

Based on the need to design chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances, combined with the properties outlined above, it is not difficult to understand why ionic liquids are under intensive study as solvents in which to conduct catalysed reactions. Academics, curious about the prospect of conducting chemistry in such a unique environment, together with those in the chemical industry who are keen to exploit their properties, have made considerable progress in a very short time, and in the remainder of this book we trace the nascent studies of reactions catalysed by metals in ionic liquids to a field that we... 

Much of the work done in Fluorine Chemistry is financed or motivated from the economic benefits of industrial applications, many of which are outlined in the final two chapters of this volume. But, as we all know, the economic importance of what we fluorine chemists do cannot be easily foretold. What is important, is that the discoveries that are made should be related as firmly as possible to fundamental chemical and physical concepts. We see much of that kind of correlation in this book. 

In this chapter, we outline the current understanding in the field of supercritical fluid extraction of metal ions. Of particular interest is the extraction of heavy metals and actinides from environmental matrices, which may impact human health and the environment. This discussion will include an overview of the fundamental chemistry, examples of the extraction of actinide and heavy metals, and an outline of the proposed industrial process. 

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