Osteochondral defect

Marcacci M, Kon E, Zaffagnini S, Visani A (1999b), Use of autologous grafts for reconstruction of osteochondral defects of the knee, Orthopedics 22 595-600. 

J.F. Mano, and R.L. Reis, Osteochondral Defects Present Situation and Tissue Engineering Approaches, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 1(4), 261-273 (2007). 

B.F, Shahgaldi - Coral graft restoration of osteochondral defects, Biomaterials, 19, 205-213 (1998). J. Kotz, J, Bieniek and A, Bieniek, Application of porous bioceramics in experimental therapy in bone injuries. I Morphological and histological studies in the control animals, Arch. Immunol. Then Experim., 36, 89-96 (1988),... 

L.A. Solchaga, J.S. Temenoff, J. Gao, A.G. Mikos, A.l. Caplan, V.M. Goldberg, Repair of osteochondral defects with hyaluronan-and polyester-based scaffolds, Osteoarthr. Cartil. 13 (4) (2005) 297-309. 

Liu Y, Shu X Z and Prestwich G D (2006), Osteochondral defect repair with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an injectable, in situ, cross-Unked synthetic extracellular matrix . Tissue Eng, 12, 3405-16. 

Synthetic composites CM-chitin-HA, Ca3(P04)2 cement-PLGA, /3Ca3(P04)2-alginate, Ca alginate-HAp-collagen, Ca3(P04)2-HA Bone, osteochondral defects Tokura and Tamura (2001, Ruheefa/. (2003, 2006), Matsuno eta/. (2008), Tan etai (2009b), Gao etai (2002)... 

Gao, J., Dermis, J. E., Solchaga, L. A., Goldberg, V. M. Caplan, A. I. (2002) Repair of osteochondral defect with tissue-engineered two-phase composite material of injectable calcium phosphate and hyaluronan sponge. Tissue Eng, 8, 827-37. 

Anderson et al. treated 37 patients with talar osteochondral defect (OCD) lesions via arthroscopic micioliacture repair and AM. Average OCD size was 1.9 cm on MRI and 1.3 cm intraoperatively. Liqnid form AM was used and applied directly to the lesion post debridement via needle technique and under direct visualization. Postoperative American College of Foot and Ankle Surgery (ACFAS) scores over a 2-year follow-up danonstrate significant improvement in ankle joint pain reduction and conclude that flowable AM shows promise in the adjunctive treatment of talar dome OCDs <2 cm in diameter. ... 

The scaffolds were implanted in osteochondral defects in femoral condyles of [157]... 

Mano, JR, Reis, RL. 2007. Osteochondral defects Present situation and tissue engineering approaches. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 1 261-273. 

Schaefer, D., Martin, L, Jundt G. et al. 2002. Tissue-engineered composites for the repair of large osteochondral defects. Arthritis Rheumatism 46 2524-2534. 

Nicholson P, Mulcahy D, Cnrtin B, McElwam JP, Role of carbon fibre implants in osteochondral defects of the knee, Irish Journal of Medical Science, 167(2), 86-88, 1998. 

Recently some biosynthetic composites have appeared, such as PCL/ periosteum composites for osteochondral defect repair. In vivo studies on cylindrical defects created in 10 rabbits showed that PCL-based biocomposites promote excellent subchondral bone regeneration. Research is currently focused on the synthesis of PCL composites, to combine the versatility of caprolactone together with the mechanical properties of other polymers. As poly(e-caprolactone) is another FDA-approved polymer, PCL-PLA copolymers are primary items of investigation. 

Hannink G, et al. Effect of load on the repair of osteochondral defects using a porous polymer scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012 100(8) 2082—9. 

T. Gotterbarm, W. Richter, M. Jung, S.B. Vilei, P. Mainil-Varlet, T. Yamashita, and S.J. Breusch, An in vivo study of a growth-factor enhanced, cell free, two-layered collagen-tri-calcium phosphate in deep osteochondral defects, Biomaterials, 27 (18), 3387-3395, 2006. 

Commonly used cartilage defect models include partial-thickness (chondral) and fuU-thickness (osteochondral) defects in rabbits and dogs [52]. The rabbit distal femoral defect model is a well-established, reproducible model. Creating a partial-thickness defect can be challenging because the cartilage thickness in the rabbit femoral condyles is only 0.25 to 0.75 mm (compared to 2.2 to 2.4 mm in humans) [53]. The dog distal femur defect model, by contrast, offers a larger defect size with which to work. Besides species, the age of the animal is also an important consideration since the potential for cartilage repair as well as the response to various treatments varies with different animals [53]. Skeletal maturity of the commonly used New Zealand white rabbits typically occurs between 4 and 6 months. 

O DriscoU, S.W. and Salter, R.B., The repair of major osteochondral defects in joint surfaces by neo-chondrogenesis with autogenous osteoperiosteal grafts stimulated by continuous passive motion. An experimental investigation in the rabbit, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 208,131,1986. 

Guo, X., H. Park, S. Young et al. 2010. Repair of osteochondral defects with biodegradable hydrogel composites encapsulating marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model. Acta Biomater 6 39-47. 

Yoshioka, T. et al.. Repair of large osteochondral defects with allogeneic cartilaginous aggregates formed from bone marrow-derived cells using RWV bioreactor. / Orthop Res, 2007.25(10) 1291-8. 

Shao, X., Goh, J. G., Hutmacher, D. W., Lee, E. H., and Zigang, G. 2006. Repair of large articular osteochondral defects using hybrid scaffolds and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model. Tissue Eng. 12 1539-1551. 

Kelly D 1 and Prendergast P 1 (2005) Mechanoregulationof stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in osteochondral defects. Journal of Biomechanics 38 1413-1422... 

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