Tissue-engineering approach

Another example was done by Opitz et al. They utilized P4HB scaffolds to produce viable ovine blood vessels, and then implanted the blood vessels in the systemic circulation of sheep. Enzymatically derived vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) were seeded on the scaffolds both under pulsatile flow and static conditions. Mechanical properties of bioreactor-cultured blood vessels which were obtained from tissue engineering approached those of native aorta. 

Chitosan has found many biomedical applications, including tissue engineering approaches. Enzymes such as chitosanase and lysozyme can degrade chitosan. However, chitosan is easily soluble in the presence of acid, and generally insoluble in neutral conditions as well as in most organic solvents due to the existence of amino groups and the high crystallinity. Therefore, many derivatives have been reported to enhance the solubility and processability of this polymer. 

Advances in Tissue Engineering Approaches to Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Cells and Polymeric Scaffolds for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration... 

The problems described above may represent a microsurgical challenge, but do not call for a tissue engineering approach. This is the case, however, when the injury causes larger gaps in the nerve, where end-to-end suturing would lead to excessive tension, impair microvascular blood flow, and result in scarring [2]. Any... 

Currently, two strategies have emerged as the most promising tissue engineering approaches [53]. One is to implant pre-cultured cells and synthetic scaffold... 

J.F. Mano, and R.L. Reis, Osteochondral Defects Present Situation and Tissue Engineering Approaches, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 1(4), 261-273 (2007). 

A bone regeneration by using tissue engineering approach is a quickly developing treatment in orthopedics. The main goal of the research in this field consists in elaboration of porous scaffolds for adding the process of a new bone formation. One of the potential material used for scaffold fabrication is composite materials consisting of polymeric matrix and ceramic fillers. 

Malafaya PB, Pedro AJ, Peterbauer A et al (2005) Chitosan particles agglomerated scaffolds for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering approaches with adipose tissue derived stem cells. J Mater Sci Mater Medicine 16 1077-1085... 

Fig. 1 Cellular (top left) and acellular (bottom left) tissue engineering approaches. Matrix materials are implanted into patient and act as an artificial ECM for cells to infiltrate, adhere, proliferate, and differentiate, and finally to guide repair and regeneration (modified from [5])...

Vacanti, C. A. and Vacanti, J. R, Bone and cartilage reconstruction with tissue engineering approaches, Otolaryngol. Clin. North. Am., Ill, 263, 1994. 

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