Organophosphorus pesticide, solid

DOT/UN/NA/IMCO shipping Methyl parathion, liquid (DOT) Methyl parathion mixture, dry (DOT) methyl parathion, solid (DOT) UN 3017 organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified HSDB 1999 RTECS 1989... 

Lacorte S. and Barceld D., 1995. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and their transformation products in river waters by automated online solid-phase extraction followed by thermospray liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 712 103. 

Accelerated solvent extraction is a new technique for the extraction of a range of organic pollutants from soils and related material. The technique is based on the use of a solvent or combination of solvents to extract organic pollutants at elevated pressure and temperature from a solid matrix. The range of organic pollutants for which the technique is proposed includes semivolatile compounds, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [53-56],... 

SFE also would appear to have utility in sample preparation methods. Lopez-Avila et al. (1992) applied SFE to the recovery of a variety of analytes, including organophosphorus pesticides, from solid matrices. The unoptimized extraction from sand gave a recovery of 54% for diazinon. Supercritical trifluoromethane has been shown to extract diazinon from glass beads with a recovery of 86% (Hillmann and Bachmann 1995). Organophosphorus pesticides have also been recovered from Tenax-GC, an adsorbent used to collect diazinon during air sampling, and analyzed directly by GC (Raymer and Velez... 

S Lacorte, D Barcelo. Improvements in the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in ground and wastewater samples from interlaboratory studies by automated on-line liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatography diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 725 85-92, 1996. 

S Lacorte, D Barcelo. Determination of part per trillion levels of organophosphorus pesticides in groundwater by automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by thermospray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 68 2464 -2478, 1998. 

A Lagana, G D Ascenzo, G Fago, A Marino. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and metabolites in crops by solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography/diode array detection. Chromatographia 46 256-264, 1997. 

Lacorte, S., N. Ehresmann, and D. Barcelo. 1995. Stability of organophosphorus pesticides on disposable solid-phase extraction precolumns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29 2834—2841. 

Fernandez, M., C. Padron, and L. Marconi. 2001. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in honeybees after solid-phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 922 257-265. 

Lacorte and Barcelo [36] have described a procedure for the determination of nanogram per litre levels of organophosphorus pesticides in ground waters based on automated online liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatography. The detection used on the liquid chromatograph is an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometer using negative and positive ion modes of operation. 

Barnabas, 1. J., Dean, J. R., Hitchen, S. M., and Owen, S. P. 1994. Selective extraction of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides using a combined solid phase extraction-supercritical fluid extraction approach. Anal. Chim. Acta, 291 261-267. 

Molina, C., Honing, M. and Barcelo, D. 1994. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromato-graphy/high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 66 4444-4449. 

Musshoff F, Junker H, Madea B. Simple determination of 22 organophosphorus pesticides in human blood using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2002 40 29-34. 

Bouaid, A., Ramos, L., Gonzalez, M. J., Fernandez, P., and Camara, C., Solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of atrazine and four organophosphorus pesticides in soil samples hy gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 939, 13-21, 2001. 

Lamhropoulou, D. A. and Albanis, T. A., Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction conditions for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in natural waters, J. Chromatogr. A, 922, 243-255, 2001. 

Shamsul Hairi, S., Yoshihiro, S., Yoshiaki, K., and Kiyokatsu, J., Solventless sample preparation procedure for organophosphorus pesticides analysis using solid-phase microextraction and online supercritical fluid extraction/high performance liquid chromatography technique. Anal. Chim. Acta, 433, 207-215, 2001. 

Wei Fang, Ng., Mui Jun Karen, T., and Hans-Ake, L., Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in soil by headspace solid-phase microextraction, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, 363, 673-679, 1999. 

Lacorte, S. and Barcelo, D., Determination of parts per trillion levels of organophosphorus pesticides in groundwater by automated online liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatography/ atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using positive and negative ion modes of operation. Anal. Chem., 68, 2464-2470, 1996. 

MSPD involves blending a solid sample with solid particles, which simultaneously disrupt and disperse the sample. The underlying mechanisms of MSPD include sample homogenization, cellular disruption, exhaustive extraction, fractionation, and purification in a simple process. One carbamate (pirimicarb) and 12 organophosphorus pesticides were extracted by MSPD from honey, the sample was mixed with Florisil and anhydrous sodium sulfate in small glass columns, and subsequently extracted with a volume of n-hexane-ethyl acetate. ... 

Beltran, J.. Lopez, K J Cepria. 0 and Hernandez, F. (1998). Solid phase microexiraciion for the quantitative analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in envirtinmenial water sample.s. J. Chromatogr, A 808, 257-263. 

Controlled-release solid formulations of selected volatile organophosphorus pesticides (malathion, DDVP, sumithion, chlorpyriphos, and sulprofos) were studied by Szente [33]. These solid formulations exhibited negligible vapor pressure and preserved their entrapped pesticide content even at elevated temperature. Malathion and chlorpyriphos formulations showed increased physical stability, and resulted in an effective masking of the unpleasant smell while the complex formulations existed as dry solid. Sulfluramid is an expensive insecticide that is lost by volatilization, but complexation to j8-CyD reduced the loss [21]. 

McNally and Wheeler [179,180] applied SFE to the analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides and their metabolites in soil-solids. Lopez-Avila et al [181] used SFE to extract a series of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from sand using CO2 and CO2 modified with acetone. 

Basheer C, Alnedhary AA, Rao BSM, Lee HK. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in wastewater samples using binary-solvent liquid-phase microextraction and solid-phase microextraction A comparative study. Anal Chim Acta 2007 605 147-152. 

Garcia de Llasera, M. P. and Reyes-Reyes, M. L. 2009. A validated matrix solid-phase dispersion method for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from bovine samples. Food Chem. 114 1510-1516. 

Tliis work demonstrates the potential for application of potentiometric enzyme electrodes based on mediatorless enzyme electrocatalysis for fast and sensitive assay of organophosphorus pesticides. The sensing element based on screen-printed carbon material pomits mass fabrication of the electrodes at a low cost which is essential for the disposable sensor concept. The biosensor does not require any low-molecular weight mediator and can be arranged as an all-solid-state device. Such electrodes. 

Garcia-Rmz, C. et al.. Enantiomeric separation of organophosphorus pesticides by capillary electrophoresis. Application to the determination of malathion in water samples after preconcentration by off-line solid-phase extraction. Anal. Chim. Acta, 543, 77, 2005. 

Method 3545 uses pressurized fluid extraction at 100°C and a pressure up to 2000 psi to remove organophilic analyte species from dried solid samples including soils, clays, sediments, sludges, and waste soHds. Used for the extraction of semivolatile organic compoimds, organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, and PCBs, it requires less solvent and takes less time than the Soxhlet extraction described above. 

SFE. SFE has been established as the extraction method of choice for solid samples. The usefulness of SFE for soil samples has been demonstrated for carbamate,organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. However, SFE is more effective in extracting nonpolar than polar residues. In order to obtain a greater extraction efficiency for the polar residues of imidacloprid, the addition of 20% methanol as modifier is required. Extraction at 276 bar and 80 °C with a solvent consisting of supercritical carbon dioxide modified with methanol (5%) for 40 min gives a recovery of 97% (RSD = 3.6%, n = 10). It is possible to use process-scale SFE to decontaminate pesticide residues from dust waste. ... 

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