Organochlorine pesticide, solid

ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES, FLAMMABLE, LIQUID, TOXIC, n.o.s., ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES, LIQUID, TOXIC, n.o.s. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES, SOLID, TOXIC, n.o.s. 

Magdic S, Pawliszyn JB. 1996. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides using solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A723(l) lll-122. 

SFE. SFE has been established as the extraction method of choice for solid samples. The usefulness of SFE for soil samples has been demonstrated for carbamate,organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. However, SFE is more effective in extracting nonpolar than polar residues. In order to obtain a greater extraction efficiency for the polar residues of imidacloprid, the addition of 20% methanol as modifier is required. Extraction at 276 bar and 80 °C with a solvent consisting of supercritical carbon dioxide modified with methanol (5%) for 40 min gives a recovery of 97% (RSD = 3.6%, n = 10). It is possible to use process-scale SFE to decontaminate pesticide residues from dust waste. ... 

Millar et al. [371] carried out experiments to study a method for the recovery of 18 organochlorine pesticides and seven PCBs from water. Extractions with dichloromethane, and 15% dichloromethane in hexane, at pH 2,7, and 10, and liquid-solid column chromatography using columns of Florasil or alumina, produced excellent results. An investigation was also made into the effects of... 

The problems relating to increased contamination levels and/or insufficient sensitivity may be overcome by using matrix-solid phase dispersion, MS detection in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, and/or large volume injection. An example of combined analysis that utilizes specific detection is shown in Fig. 2.6. It entails simultaneous analyses of PAHs, PCBs, chlorobenzene, and organochlorine pesticides in soil. 

Accelerated solvent extraction is a new technique for the extraction of a range of organic pollutants from soils and related material. The technique is based on the use of a solvent or combination of solvents to extract organic pollutants at elevated pressure and temperature from a solid matrix. The range of organic pollutants for which the technique is proposed includes semivolatile compounds, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [53-56],... 

Di Muccio A, Ausili A, Dommarco R, et al. 1991. Solid-matrix partition for separation of organochlorine pesticide residues from fatty materials. J Chromatog 552 241-247. 

Ling Y-C, Huang I-P. 1995. Multiresidue matrix solid phase dispersion method for determining 16 organochlorine pesticides and polychlrinated biphenyls in fish. Chromatographia 40(5-6) 259-266. 

Y Pico, E Viana, G Font, J Manes. Determination of organochlorine pesticide content in human milk and infant formulas using solid phase extraction and capillary gas chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 43 1610-1615, 1995. 

Many processes are operative in the environment that contribute to the regional elimination of a contaminant by altering its distribution. Contaminants with sufficiently high vapor pressure can evaporate from contaminated terrestrial or aquatic compartments and be transferred through the atmosphere to new locations. Such processes of global distillation are considered largely responsible for the worldwide distribution of relatively volatile organochlorine pesticides such as lindane and hexachlorobenzene. Entrainment by wind and upper atmospheric currents of contaminant particles or dust onto which the contaminants are sorbed also contribute to contaminant redistribution. Sorption of contaminant to suspended solids in an aquatic environment with commensurate sedimentation can result with the removal of contaminants from the water... 

Doong, R.A., Liao, P.L., 2001. Determination of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in soil samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 918, 177-188. 

Xu, S.F., Jiang, X., et al., 2000. Gas chromatographic method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in suspended solids and sediments of the Yangtze River. Acta Sci. Circumstan. (Chinese) 20, 494-498. 

Hwang, B.H. and M.R. Lee. 2000. Solid-phase microextraction for organochlorine pesticide residues analysis in Chinese herbal formulations. J. Chromatogr. A 898 245-256. 

EPA. 1986b. Method 8080 Organochlorine pesticides and PCB. In Test methods for evaluating solid waste. SW-846. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 8080-1 to 8080-27. 

Automated Soxhlet extraction Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and semi-volatiles from soils, relatively dry sludges and solid wastes Allows equivalent extraction efficiency to Soxhlet extraction in 2 h... 

Supercritical fluid extraction Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides from soils, sediments, fly ash, solid-phase extraction media, and other solid materials which are amenable to extraction with conventional solvents As method 3560... 

Dieldrin analysis. Dieldrin is an organochlorine pesticide. It is recommended that 500 ml of the water sample is introduced into a pre-cleaned and rinsed glass bottle. For preservation of the sample, two options are possible, i.e. either add 1 ml of a 10 mg ml-1 HgCh solution, or add the appropriate extraction solvent (or pre-concentrate the sample on a solid-phase extraction cartridge (see Chapter 8)). Ensure that the container is completely full of the sample. In this situation, the sample can be held for up to seven days if using HgCl2 solution (or 40 days, if extraction solvent is added) for the analysis of dieldrin. 

EPA method 3562, Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorinated Pesticides, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, EPA, Washington D.C., 1996. 

The lowest concentrations of lindane were found in sea water samples -0.003 mkg/1 and the highest in rain water (mean value of 0.039 mkg/1). The average content of DDT was the lowest one in ground waters - 0.046 mkg/1, but higher in rain and sea waters (0.101 and 0.128 mkg/1 respectively). DDT concentrations up to several mkg/1 were detected only in single samples. A considerable part of the organochlorine pesticides adsorbs on the solids suspended in the water. The adsorption capacity of DDT is relatively greater, and that of the lindane - lower. 

Thermal desorption involves volatilization of contaminants from soil by heating the soil in various kinds of drying kilns, and is the solid phase analog of air or stream stripping. Temperatures in range 200-500 °C are used. The off-gases must then be treated before release to the atmosphere. This method can be applied to hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and to soils contaminated with organochlorine pesticides (Bunce, 1994). 

Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs 508.1, 608, 8081A, 8082, CLP-pesticides Liquid extraction, sonication, Soxhlet extraction, SPE BCD Drinking water, waste water, solid wastes... 

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