ORGANIZATIONAL CONCERNS

Perceived organizational support Organizational concern for team member needs and interests... 

All testing to support notification must be performed by methods specified in Annex V to Directive 79/831/EEC and in accordance with the principles of good laboratory practice (GLP). GLP is concerned with the organizational processes and conditions under which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded and reported. 

The last area addressed by the systems approach is concerned with global issues involving the influence of organizational factors on human error. The major issues in this area are discussed in Chapter 2, Section 7. The two major perspectives that need to be considered as part of an error reduction program are the creation of an appropriate safety culture and the inclusion of human error reduction within safety management policies. 

Some of the best evidence of links between effects at different organizational levels comes from studies with OPs, where levels of AChE inhibition have been compared with associated neurophysiological and behavioral effects. In adopting this approach, however, the picture is complicated by mounting evidence for these compounds acting on target sites other than AChE, as discussed in Section 16.3. Thus, behavioral disturbances caused by an OP may be the outcome of interaction with both AChE and one or more other sites of action. The following account, however, will be concerned with situations where effects of OPs are closely related to levels of AChE inhibition. More complex scenarios will be discussed in the next section. 

In response to such concerns, mechanisms are often instituted to ensure government accountability. There is a range of instruments of accountability that governments can use. Peters (13) groups these instmments into three categories organizational, political and judicial methods of control. 

In case of war, I.G. will be treated by the authorities concerned with armament questions as one big plant which in its task for armament, as far as it is possible to do so, will regulate itself without any organizational influence from outside. 

To analyse the problem posed in Chapter 1 an overview of current literature on tools, methods, and standards concerning safety indicators will be presented in Chapter 3. With this overview a better understanding of the signs currently used to indicate safety will be obtained. These signs will be compared with the signs present prior to recent accidents (1995-2002). From both literature and case histories a hypothesis will be derived that will be especially tested in Chapter 6. Moreover, in Chapter 4, the conclusions will be used to develop some generic concepts and a conceptual practical approach. The approach will consist of several steps and models derived from organizational science and safety literature. 

The transformation, history, organizational values and norms, and external environment types of latent conditions are all latent conditions concerning information flows. The infrastructure and human types of latent conditions both concern resources. 

I will refer to the analyses based on these sources collectively as the fact book coding and analysis (FCA) portion of the Evergreen studies. It is believed that these analyses represent the largest exploration of text-based secondary source information concerning the causes of firm performance to date. Furthermore, they are based on data sources that have generally not been drawn upon by organizational researchers because of the formidable methodological issues that have to be confronted and addressed for their utilization. 

In management science, use of rugged landscape models has been brought to bear on questions concerning the adaptability of organizations, optimal organizational structure, the co-evolution of organizations, and further topics. 

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