Government Accountability

In response to such concerns, mechanisms are often instituted to ensure government accountability. There is a range of instruments of accountability that governments can use. Peters (13) groups these instmments into three categories organizational, political and judicial methods of control. 

GAO (2008) Report to the Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. ELECTRONIC WASTE EPA Needs to Better Control Harmful U.S. Exports through Stronger Enforcement and More Comprehensive Regulation. United States Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC... 

Combating Terrorism Chemical and Biological Medical Supplies Are Poorly Managed. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Accounting Office (AIMD-00-36, Oct. 29), 1999. 

Combating Terrorism Observations on the threat of Chemical and Biological Terrorism. Washington, D.C. U.. Government Accounting Office (T-NSIAD-00-50, Oct. 20) 1999. 

GAO (United States Government Accountability Office) (2004). Natural Gas Flaring and Venting. Opportunities to Improve Data and Reduce Emissions. Report GAO-04-809. Washington, DC. www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt7GAO-04-809. 

Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2003. Bioterrorism A threat to agriculture and the food supply, www.gao.gov.htex/do4259.html (accessed June 10, 2007). 

Government Accountability Office (GAO). 2004. Homeland security Federal action needed to address security challenges at chemical facilities. GAO-04-482T. Washington, DC Government Accountability Office. 

According to the Government Accountability Office (2003), historically, security concerns about control systems (SCADA included) were related primarily to protecting... 

US Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security System Planning Needed to Optimize the Deployment of Checked Baggage Screening Systems, GAO-05-365, March 2005. 

Figure 6.2 Increases in the direct-to-consumer spending on dmgs within the United States. (Data from Government Accountability Office Report No. GAO-07-54 of 14th December, 2006.)...

Defense Logistics Actions Needed to Improve the Availability of Critical Items during Current and Future Operations, Report GAO-05-0275, United States Government Accountability Office, April 2005, p. 19 ff. 

In a recent report, the U.S. federal Government Accountability Office (GAO) criticized genomic tools such as microarrays, indicating that not only did they increase the cost of R D, but that they also actually slowed research progress (81). Such criticisms are also being heard in the scientific sphere as well (82). Despite this, many researchers remain confident that the promise of microarray technology will be fully realized in the not-too-distant future. It is likely that microarrays have been seen to be a mature technology when, in fact, the hardware itself may have been mature, but the approaches are still in development. 

R. Malfi, Canada Lynx Survey Unauthorized Hair Samples Submitted for Analysis (GAO-02-496T) (Washington, D.C. Government Accounting Office, March 6,2002). 

Government Accounting Office. 2003. NIH-Private Sector Partnership in the Development of Taxol. Washington, DC Government Accounting Office. 

Figure 1.1. 1993-2004 Pharmaceutical R D expenses, total new drug applications (NDAs), and NDAs for new molecular entity (NME) submission trends. [Reprinted with permission from the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) 2006.]...

The most important question for biomonitoring efforts to address is whether exposure to a chemical causes health effects. Few data are available on most of the chemicals measured in population studies, such as NHANES, to address that question (Metcalf and Orloff 2004). For example, the Government Accountability Office (GAO 2005) reports that EPA has limited data on the health and environmental risks posed by chemicals now used in commerce. A survey of risk-assessment practitioners on the extent to which biomarkers are used in risk assessment concluded that the absence of chemical-specific data (for example, toxicologic and epidemiologic data) was the primary limitation in using exposure biomarkers in risk assessment (Maier et al. 2004). 

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