Organisational perspectives

The term duty in this context refers to more than simply a statement that a given task should be completed. It also encompasses aspects of accoimtabihty. The phrase organisational, social and cultural norms relates to the inherent nature of responsibilities that systems are adapted to fit the culture they operate in, that processes have to work within the social framework of both legal and domain standards. Responsibilities are rarely broken down to individual instructions, as they represent higher level constructs encompassing a remit for initiative. Initiative is boimded by professional conduct, from an organisational perspective as well as the wider social and cultural ones. 

The Systems Engineering support to the L125 Project was provided under contract by Cranfield University over the period 2007 to 2010. The intention was to use best-practice systems engineering methods to understand the L125 problem space from a technical as well as a socio-cultural and organisational perspective, to both create and populate a Land 125 architecture framework capable of informing numerous stakeholders of the key operational needs, through to assessment of options to address them. 

Having presented the above a account, we can now turn our attention to drawing out the findings salient for assessing the achievement of desired outcomes from the Arup-organisational perspective presented earlier. When we do so, we find significant dissonance between the organisational aims and the self-identity of Arup, and the realities of the project events and outcomes in practice. 

Association (ICB A), an organisation consisting of carbon black manufacturers inNorth America and Europe. Aspects covered include not only the occupational health research sponsored by the ICB A, but also an overview of the major health perspectives associated with carbon black and their corresponding regulatory implications. 19 refs. 

The Cochrane Collaboration prepares Cochrane Reviews and aims to update them regularly with the latest scientific evidence. Members of the organisation (mostly volunteers) work together to provide evidence to help people make decisions about health care. Some people read the healthcare literature to find reports of randomised controlled trials others find such reports by searching electronic databases others prepare and update Cochrane Reviews based on the evidence found in these trials others work to improve the methods used in Cochrane Reviews others provide a vitally important consumer perspective and others support the people doing these tasks. The Cochrane Collaboration website provides information on a variety of ways of registering interest or becoming directly involved www.cochrane.org/docs/involve.htm involve. 

Maddison, Angus 2001. The World Economy a Millennial Perspective. Paris Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 

As a further activity the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW) in co-operation with the OECD organised an international conference in Vienna in November 2003, which was called "Experiences and Perspectives of Service-oriented Strategies in the Chemicals Industry and Related Areas". The conference was attended by around 100 participants from 16 countries. The conference gave an excellent overview about international approaches how to introduce service elements into the chemical business. The participants comprised representatives from authorities, the chemical industry, in particular down stream users, process engineers and economists along with representatives from academia. 

OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Environment Directorate, 13-Dec-2004, ENV/JM/MONO(2004)28/PART1, Series on Risk Management No 17, "Workshop on experiences and perspectives of service-oriented strategies in the chemicals industry and related areas", Vienna, Austria, 13-14 November 2003, Part I Summary and conclusions... 

According to a report on Caucasus natural gas resources, perspectives of Caspian gas transportation to the European market , prepared by OPET Caucasus (an EU supported organisation) in Tbilisi, 2001... 

The present perspective is reminiscent of the modem complexity bias in that certain generic forms recur on various organisation levels provoking comprehensive and debatable modes of understanding. However, we emphasis here that our derivations are firmly established in... 

This chapter provides a comprehensive view of the social contacts and relationships that tourists may experience. These social interactions are a consequence of the active role of the tourist as an outsider, as a stranger, and as an observer of life. The tourists social relationships are also a product of the organisation of much contemporary travel as well as the attitudes and perspectives of other travellers and the community members that tourists meet. 

Gee, C. and Fayos-Sola, E. (1997) International Tourism A Global Perspective. Madrid World Tourism Organisation. 

The intention of the authorities, with the restriction of chemical leaking paints was to reduce the release of toxic substances to the sensitive productive coastal areas (Kemi 1998a). The Baltic Sea is considered an environmentally sensitive area, which later was acknowledged internationally by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO 2005) and classified as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSS A) in 2004 (IMO 2005). This was based on its unique environment, with low salinity and low biodiversity. Also, the Baltic Sea is in an evolutionary perspective a young sea and the organisms live in a very stressful environment, as they have not had time to fully adapt to the brackish water conditions (Kautsky and Tedengren 1992 Ryden et al. 2003). 

The thinnest-black films have been found to play a particularly important role in the formation of highly stable foams. They are used as models in the study of surface phenomena at various interfaces, molecular interactions between two contacting phases at short distances, including at bilayer contact. This fact in itself is of the utmost importance in studying the formation and stability of concentrated disperse systems and in modelling the contact between the two biomembranes. For this reason the book discusses different aspects of black foam films and some intriguing perspectives for future development, for instance, as a self-organising nanomolecular system, have been pointed out. 

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