OECD Organisation for

OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003) Descriptions of selected key generic terms used in chemical hazard/risk assessment. ENV/JM/MONO(2003) 15. OECD Series on Testing and assessment 44... 

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 

It is estimated that food production would be severely disrupted if more than 15 billion gallons of com ethanol were produced. At the same time, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) estimated that replacement of 10% of America s motor fuels with biofuels would require about one third of all the cropland that is devoted to the production of cereals, oilseeds, and sugar crops. 

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory... 

OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1999. Compendium of estimation methods to quantify releases to the environment for use in pollutantrelease and transfer registries. Paris Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 

The health impacts of chemicals are significant, though difficult to quantify. Some estimates are available (WHO 2002) indicating that about 5% of the global burden of disease can be attributed to environmental chemicals exposures. The distribution of effects across the globe is the result of the combined effect of the volume of chemicals use and the effectiveness of chemical safety measures. In the countries of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in general... 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency FDA Food and Drug Administration FIFRA Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act MAFF Ministry Agricultural Forestry an Fisheries MHW Ministry for Health and Welfare OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development TCSA Toxic Substances Control Act. 

In 1985 it was published [1] that stevioside was completely safe but that metabolically activated steviol was mutagenic in a "Forward Mutation Test". Steviol had to be applied together with the microsomal fraction of liver of animals treated with carcinogenic compounds (polychlorinated biphenyl or phenobarbital plus 5,6-benzoflavone). This publication has led to a confusing discussion between advocates and opponents of the use of Stevia or stevioside. To unravel the problem we must consider the opinion of authoritative international organisations such as OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) and ICH (International Council of Harmonisation). To accept new substances as food three different mutagenesis tests are accepted and required by the OECD as well as by the ICH. These can be seen in Table 1. 

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development), OECD Environmental Outlook. OECD, Paris, 2001. 

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OSPAR Oslo-Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic PARCOM Paris Commission... 

OAS optical atomic spectrometry obstipation severe constipation OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OES optical emission spectrometry OES-DCP See DCP-AES OES-ICP See ICP-AES OES-MIP See MIP-AES oliguria pathologically diminished excretion of urine... 

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operahon and Development) (2007) Chemicals testing - guidelines, sechon 3 degradation and accumulahon. http //www.oecd.org/ docimient/57/0,2340,en 2649 34377 2348921 l l l l,00.html. Last visited 12/7/07... 

OECD = Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development BOD = Biochemical oxygen demand DOC = Dissolved organic carbon SC AS = Semi continuous activated sludge MITI = Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan). 

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