Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD

OECD, Guidelines for testing of chemicals. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, 1993. 

For in vitro testing the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) approved in 2004 test guideline 428 [37], which currently advocates the use of human, rat, and pig skin to measure cutaneous absorption by a vertical diffusion system (Franz cell). Dmg concentrations are followed in an acceptor fluid separated by the skin from the donor vehicle, which is applied to the external surface of the skin. Instead of human or animal skin, human skin models could be used as soon as the equivalence of their results are proven. Comparative studies indicate a correlation of penetration data in vitro and in humans [38]. 

Kulik, D. A. 2002. Minimising uncertainty induced by temperature extrapolations of thermodynamic data A pragmatic view on the integration of thermodynamic databases into geochemical computer codes. Proceedings of the Workshop on The Use of Thermodynamic Databases in Performance Assessment , 29-30 May 2001, Barcelona, Spain. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD, Paris, France, 125-137. 

A wide range of indicators are being used in the description of the environmental impacts of agriculture. Particularly, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) pushes the development of a common set of indicators at an international level. The assessment presented here is based on the Driver-State-Response (DSR) framework that has been developed by the OECD in (OECD 1997). This frameworkis internationally accepted and allows cross-country comparisons. Whenever appropriate, simplifications and modifications have been made. 

The various national and international regulatory authorities have used different hazard classification systems in the past. In light of the importance of hazard classification, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently harmonized criteria for hazard classification for global use. For example, the five harmonized categories for acute oral toxicity (in mg/kg body weight) are 0-5, 5-50, 50-300, 300-2000, and 2000-5000. 

Despite a relatively small population, New Zecilcind maintains an advanced healthcare system and pharmaceuticals market. Most of the 40 to 50 new active substances which are produced by the pharmaceuticcil industry each year are submitted for approval in New Zealand and approved times for these medicines are comparable to, or faster than, in many Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. 

Common Data Source Approach. Another approach is to use a common source of data for benchmarking a set of chemicals. Examples of potential data sources include Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) from product manufacturers, the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the International Uniform Chemical Information Database (lUClID), the High Rroduction Volume Information System (HRVIS), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Screening Information Dataset (SIDS), and the Canadian Domestic Substances list... 

Centred on Paris, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) developed out of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), which was set up in 1948 as part of the Marshall Plan to promote a sound European economy. The countries of the Eastern Bloc refused to join, and set up their own organisation—CMEA. 

---