Oral health status

World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use, Fluorides and Oral Health Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use, WHO Technical Report Series 846, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1994. 

The extent to which a sulfonamide is acetylated depends upon the drug administered and the animal species. Acetylsulfathiazole is the principal metabolite found in the urine of cattle, sheep, and swine after enteral or parenteral administration of sulfathiazole. However, sheep can acetylate only 10% of the dose, while cattle can acetylate 32%, and swine 39%. When sulfamethazine was administered intravenously or orally to cattle, the animals eliminated 11% or 25% of the dose, respectively, in urine as N" -acetylsulfamethazine. The increased acetylation that occurred following tlie oral administration may be related to the increased exposure of sulfamethazine to liver enzymes following its absorption into the portal circulation. The acetylation rate may also be affected by the health status of an animal. Tims, cows suffering from ketosis in cows acetylate sulfonamides at much lower extent. 

Renal Effects. No studies were located regarding renal effects in humans after oral exposure to DEHP. A possible role of DEHP in polycystic kidney disease in long-term hemodialysis patients has been suggested (Bommer et al. 1985 Crocker et al. 1988 Krempien and Ritz 1980), but there is no conclusive evidence for such an association. No association can be inferred because significant confounding variables related to the compromised health status of dialysis patients usually preclude attributing a key role to DEHP. 

The tools for nutritional assessment include medical history and screening aides, physical examination and anthropometric measurements, biochemical assessment, and tests of immune function. A general health assessment and medical history are required to rule out causes of secondary malnutrition such as poor oral health, chronic illness, disease, and medication. Malnutrition is influenced by lifestyle, which includes alcohol usage in adults, food preference, eating habits, social interactions, and economic status. Various screening tools, such as the DETERMINE checklist (White et al., 1991), are available to assess the risk of malnutrition. 

CDC, Fluoridation Statistics 2000 Status of Water Fluoridation in the United States, Oral Health Resonrce—Resonrce Library, Fact Sheet, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Hnman Services, Ang. 7, 2002. 

Ripa L Correlations between oral hygiene status, gingival health and dental caries in school-children. J Prevent Dent 1974 1 28-38. 

On the other hand, there are reports that marijuana use is associated with compromised health status among HIV-infected individuals. Lozada et al. (1983) assessed oral manifestations of tumor and opportunistic infections in 53 AIDS-affected men with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Twenty-seven had biopsy-proved oral KS, the palate being the most common site. Past or present infections with cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, venereal diseases, and gastrointestinal microorganisms occurred in more than 70%. Oral candidiasis was confirmed in 57%. Heavy marijuana smoking was identified as the most common habit among these individuals. Newell et al. (1985) reported that marijuana use was a risk factor... 

The health status of animals from which starting materials are derived and of those used for quality control and safety testing should be monitored and recorded. Staff employed in animal quarters must be provided with special clothing, changing facilities and showers. Where monkeys are used for the production or quality control of biological products, special consideration is required, as laid down in the revised Requirements for Biological Substances No. 7 (Requirements for Polio-myelitis Vaccine (Oral))(5). 

Food constituents and oral health Current status and future prospects... 

Before performing the peel, an extensive patient history should be obtained, with particular attention paid to a history of delayed wound healing and hypertrophic scar formation. Also, dark skin patients must be questioned about their general health status, medications, smoking, previous cosmetic procedures, such as surgical lifts or fluid silicone injections, keloid formation, side effects and results of previous cosmetic procedures, etc. If a patient has a history of recurrent herpetic outbreaks, prophylactic and postpeel antiviral treatment should be used. Systemic medications such as oral contraceptives... 

Neoprene Type TW was shown to have low oral toxicity in rats. The LD q was found to be in excess of 20,000 mg/kg. Human patch tests with Types GN, W, WRT, and WHV showed no skin reactions (169). The FDA status of Du Pont Neoprene polymers is described (172). Although polychloroprene itself has not been shown to have potential health problems, it should be understood that many mbber chemicals that may be used with CR can be dangerous if not handled properly. This is particularly tme of ethylenethiourea curatives and, perhaps, secondary amine precursors often contained in sulfur modified polychloroprene types. Material safety data sheets should be consulted for specific information on products to be handled. 

---