Optical biosensor technology

In order to conceptually analyze the main components and functionality of a multibiosensor technological platform that could be used as an early warning system for biological and/or chemical warfare, we will review three different optical biosensor technologies ... 

In order to familiarize the reader with the different optical biosensors that will be reviewed in the following sections. Table 5.1 provides a list of the main optical biosensor technologies developed until now. 

The success of the optical biosensor technology is seen in the increasing number of commercially available instruments. This also refiects the growing acceptance of the methodology. But although various technological... 

This chapter describes a broad range of optical biosensor technologies, based on interchromophore interactions and the super-quenching phenomenon. Several specific biosensor schemes are described that are able to sense the activity of kinase, protease, lipase, and cellulase enzymes. Although the systems are disparate, the underlying sensor mechanisms are related, in that they all... 

Regarding applications, long-chain phosphoric (and also phosphonic) acid esters are expected to have potential for applications in areas where the specific surface functionalization of oxides by extremely thin films is essential to the quality of a product. One area where application of octadecyl phosphate on tantalum oxide has already proven to be successftd is optical biosensor technology, where the use of well-controlled ODP self-assembled monolayers on optical waveguide chips has been demonstrated to increase both the specificity and selectivity when sensing extremely low quantities of biomolecules using evanescent field and fluorescence techniques. The application potential will be further increased if a second functionality can be introduced in the terminal, phosphoric acid esters. 

Though numerous label fiee refractive index based optical biosensor technologies exist, SPR has evolved as likely the... 

Optical biosensor technology has realized remarkable developments in the last decades [126-129]. This section will specifically focus on IR fiber sensors based on ChG materials. We will first describe the mechanism of evanescent wave spectroscopy and summarize the essential properties of ChG glasses when used in the framework of fiber-based sensing. Finally we will present several techniques commonly employed for the shaping of ChG glasses into fiber-optic sensors and survey their applications. 

Markgren, P.O., Hamalainen, M., Danielson, U.H., 1998. Screening of compounds interacting with HIV-1 proteinase using optical biosensor technology. Anal. Biochem. 265, 340—350. 

Several papers have been published in which, instead of concentrating on specific reactions, the technology was highlighted. One, by Marose et al.,7 discusses the various optics, fiber optics, and the probe designs that allow in situ monitoring. They describe the various optical density probes used for biomass determination in situ microscopy, optical biosensors, and specific sensors such as NIR and fluorescence. 

Key words optical biosensor surface plasmon resonance magnetooptical surface plasmon resonance multibiosensor technological platform... 

Geng, T., and Bhunia, A. K. (2007). Optical biosensors in foodborne pathogen detection. In "Smart Biosensor Technology" (G. K. Knopf and A. S. Bassi, eds.), pp. 503-519. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Florida. 

Starodub NE, Starodub VM (2001) Electrochemical and optical biosensors origin of development, achievements and perspectives of practical application. In Bozoglu F (ed) NATO Proc Novel Processes and Control Technologies in the Food Industry . Quwer Acad Publ, Turkey, pp 1-246... 

Integrated optical devices combine microelectronic production technology with the inherent advantages of optical sensing. Many of these developments are in an early state of research but a variety of optical biosensors can be realized in principle. Integrated optical device manufacturing is nowadays commercially available (IOT) and nearly all optical elements can be integrated and miniaturized on chip [24]. 

Optical biosensors have had, and still are having, an increasing impact on analytical technology for the detection of biological and chemical species. Optical biosensing technology can be an alternative and/or a complement to conventional analytical techniques as it avoids expensive, complex and time-consuming detection procedures. For this reason it has been the subject of active research for many years [1-6]. 

In this chapter, an overview is presented of the main optical biosensors, the operating principle of the different devices, the design of the sensors, the technology of fabrication, the resolution, the dynamic range and detection limit of each device, the most important applications and the commercial devices on the market. Finally, an outlook of futtu"e prospects for this technology is given. 

Enzyme immobilization is considered as an important factor in biosensor technologies. Great attempts are in progress for finding novel materials for fabrication electrochemical biosensors. Due to electrical, optical, biocompatible properties, structure stability and small... 

Kuswandi, B. Tombelli, S. Marazza, G. Mascini, M., Recent advances in optical DNA biosensors technology, Chimia 2005, 59, 236-242... 

Rowe-Taitt CA, Ligler FS (2001) Fiber optic biosensors. In Lopez-Higuera JM (ed) Handbook of optical fiber sensing technology. Wiley, New York, pp 687-700... 

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