Operational excellence elements

High aspirations and step changes in performance are both critical elements for operational excellence in production. Nevertheless, long term success eventually depends on an ongoing drive towards performance leadership. It is therefore crucial for chemical companies to institutionahze a process of continuous improvement in their production functions. 

As to new safety system elements, we don t have any. But we do try different things. You know that we use a lot of chemicals and we are reexamining our permissible exposure levels because we are determined to do better than the world standards. You ll be interested in this one new approach we re taking—we are addressing the gap between theory and reality, trying to do a better job of incorporating elements in our environmental, health, and safety systems within the concept of operational excellence. [Editorial note Wow ]... 

Operational Excellence (OE) Operational Excellence (OE) is an element of organizational leadership that stresses the apphcation of a variety of principles, systems, and tools toward the sustainable improvement of key performance indexes. The process involves focusing on customer needs, keeping employees positive and empowered, and continuous improvement of activities in the workplace... 

Janoff, Vicic, and Cain [11] used accelerated life test methods to select the best material to use for lip seals used in water/glycol fluids contained in subsea oil-field hydraulic systems. The required seal life was 20 years at 93°C sustained temperature at 20.7 MPa pressure with 100 mechanical operations. Finite Element Analysis was used to determine the actual seal temperature in the installed component to establish the service temperature rating. Polyurethane and thermoplastic alloy seals were tested in water/glycol and hydrocarbon hydraulic fluids at 3—5 elevated temperatures at 20.7 MPa constant pressure. Failure was defined as seal leakage at pressure. Test results were analyzed using Least Squares regression in an equation like that used by KenneUey et al. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.95 and show excellent fit to the model. Table 16B.1 shows the results of the study. 

Operational excellence (OE) and PSM are closely related. PSM elements typically coincide with the enabling elements selected for inclusion in the OE framework for organizations operating with the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. Foremost among them are culture, procedures (aU types) training, competency, and management review. One of the most fundamental requirements for an effective OEMS is... 

Table 6.1 Examples of Various Company Operational Excellence Program Elements...

The first catalytic study of Reaction 1 was published in 1902 by Sabatier and Senderens (1) who reported that nickel was an excellent catalyst. Since that time, the active catalysts were identified as the transition elements with unfilled 3d, 4d, and 5d orbitals iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, osmium, indium, and platinum, as well as some elements that can assume these configurations (e.g., silver). These are discussed later. For practical operation of this process,... 

So far operations research has utilized the talents of individuals from a wide spectrum of fields ranging from chess players and physical and social scientists to mathematicians, pure and applied. Imagination and a good background in technical excellence are the basic elements in this choice of individuals. A significant consequence of all this is an opportunity for broad intellectual contacts and cross-fertilization of ideas in many diverse fields. 

For diatomics with ten valence electrons, pole strengths lie between 0.86 and 0.89. DOs are dominated by a single occupied orbital in all cases. In the normalized DO for the state of AlO, there are other contributions with coefficients near 0.02. For the states of BO and AlO, certain operators have U elements that are approximately 0.1. Recent experimental work has produced a revised figure, 2.508 0.008 eV, for the electron affinity of BO [42] and the entry in Table III is in excellent agreement. Similar agreement occurs for the electron affinities of CN, AlO and AIS. 

AGB stars constitute excellent laboratories to test the theory of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. Their particular internal structure allows two important processes to occur in them. First is the so-called 3(,ldredge-up (3DUP), a mixing mechanism in which the convective envelope penetrates the interior of the star after each thermal instability in the He-shell (thermal pulse, TP). The other is the activation of the s-process synthesis from alpha captures on 13C or/and 22Ne nuclei that generate the necessary neutrons which are subsequently captured by iron-peak nuclei. The repeated operation of TPs and the 3DUP episodes enriches the stellar envelope in newly synthesized elements and transforms the star into a carbon star, if the quantity of carbon added into the envelope is sufficient to increase the C/O ratio above unity. In that way, the atmosphere becomes enriched with the ashes of the above nucleosynthesis processes which can then be detected spectroscopically. 

On the basis of the preceding discussion, it should be obvious that ultratrace elemental analysis can be performed without any major problems by atomic spectroscopy. A major disadvantage with elemental analysis is that it does not provide information on element speciation. Speciation has major significance since it can define whether the element can become bioavailable. For example, complexed iron will be metabolized more readily than unbound iron and the measure of total iron in the sample will not discriminate between the available and nonavailable forms. There are many other similar examples and analytical procedures that must be developed which will enable elemental speciation to be performed. Liquid chromatographic procedures (either ion-exchange, ion-pair, liquid-solid, or liquid-liquid chromatography) are the best methods to speciate samples since they can separate solutes on the basis of a number of parameters. Chromatographic separation can be used as part of the sample preparation step and the column effluent can be monitored with atomic spectroscopy. This mode of operation combines the excellent separation characteristics with the element selectivity of atomic spectroscopy. AAS with a flame as the atom reservoir or AES with an inductively coupled plasma have been used successfully to speciate various ultratrace elements. 

In the same procedure, electrolyser elements capable of ODC operation as well as elements in the hydrogen mode are tested in parallel. As a supplementary effect it was seen that the performance of the element (which in the anode half-cell was optimised for the special demands of the thermohydraulics of finite-gap ODC operation) demonstrated excellent operational results. The standardised power consumption of 4kAm-2 remains below 2050 kWh tonne-1 NaOH even after several months of operation. 

In Excel, mathematical operations of one or more cells can be dragged to other cells. Since a cell represents one element of an array or matrix, the effect will be an element-wise matrix calculation. Thus, addition and subtraction of matrices are straightforward. An example ... 

The capability of dragging results from one cell to others is a very useful property of Excel and becomes even more powerful in combination with the dollar operator ( ) correctly applied within the cell reference. Referring to the previous Matlab example, if the scalar element foi,2 (cell F3) is to be subtracted from matrix A (A3 C4) in Excel, putting the dollar operator ( ) in front of the column and row reference of the source cell containing the scalar foi,2 ( F 3), prevents "dragging-over" of the source cell F3 in both column and row direction. 

In the same way the symbol can be used for other element-wise operations in Excel. The power and importance of the operator cannot be overrated and we apply it in several additional examples later. 

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