Operation program organisation

The eChemPortal is an effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with the European Commission, the United States, Canada, lapan, the International Council of Chemical Associations, the Business and Industry Advisory Committee, the World Health Organization s International Program on Chemical Safety, the United Nations Environment Programme on Chemicals and environmental non-governmental organizations. 

Complex flow-sheeting programs, that simulate the operation and a complete process, or individual units, have been developed by several commercial software organisations. The names of the principal packages available, and the contact address, are listed in Table 4.1. Many of the commercial programs have been made available by the proprietors to university and college departments for use in teaching, at nominal cost. 

This work has been supported by a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Community program Improving Human Research Potential and the Socio-economic Knowledge Base under contract number HPMF-CT-2000-00950 to X.B., a NWO-Hungarian co-operation grant to J.H.M. and a Spinoza Premium of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). 

The NEA Data Bank provides nuclear data and computer program services for participating countries. In these and related tasks, the NEA works in close collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, with which it has a Co-operation Agreement, as well as with other international organisations in the nuclear field. 

All organisations use databases to store operational data including formulations. For many years now these databases have been computerised and in many areas the relational database has superseded the traditional hierarchical database. The former offers many tools for interrogation but it is often useful to download information and use high level programming aids to transfer and manipulation data from different sources. The ubiquitous spreadsheet is a powerful tool for formula analysis and can also be used for formula synthesis. Spreadsheets can readily incorporate the rules of concentration , which go to building up a practical formulation [13], and can incorporate calibration data derived from systematic experimentation. Current releases of spreadsheets have powerful mathematical functions that can enable the compositions meeting defined property criteria to be calculated. 

There is no reliable process to ensure that assumptions made in the Safety Assessments are valid with respect to operations and maintenance activities and that operators are aware of these assumptions when developing their operations or maintenance procedures. It will always be necessary to make assumptions in Safety Analyses however, where possible, those assumptions may need to be vahdated by actual experience. There is currently no organised program to periodically revisit design safety assumptions to ensure that they reflect the full range of environments and operations as the fleet ages. 

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