Ontogeny

Topping and pruning increase not only the relative but also the absolute amount of alkaloids in these species (244, 319-324) and bleeding sap analyses readily confirm this observation (265, 283). Photoperiodic prevention of flowering will also maintain the alkaloid synthetic activity of Nicotiana silvestris Speg. and Comes (Table 2). These findings are contradictory in part to earlier ones (324, 325), but the discrepancy is probably due to the fact that the earlier w ork paid inadequate attention to absolute rather than to relative amounts of alkaloids. 

Date EEperiment State of development Root Shoot Total Boot Shoot Total 

In the early stages of germination nicotine is found in the tip of the radicle (248), and from there it migrates to the hypocotyl (326). It is 

Pyriki and Muller (295) report an interesting example of what appears to be the transformation of anabasine into nicotine. When Havanna Tobacco lie was grafted on N. glaum which produced anabasine almost exclusively the scion yielded nicotine and anabasine in about equal quantities. In our laboratory (Schroter) these grafts generally did not produce adventitious roots thus the transformation, though still to be confirmed, seems to be authentic. 

The ontogeny of the tropane alkaloids is much like that of nicotine. The appearance and disappearance of alkaloid in Datura stramonium has been extensively studied by Guillon (338). In the leaves it appears first in the epidermis, then in the mesophyll, and finally in the paren-chym of the vascular bundles. In the root it makes its appearance in the outer parts on the sixth day, then spreading inward so that in one month it is present in the pith and the periderm. During aging of the root it disappears except for some in the central tube. The leaves of Atropa, 

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The generalisation that ontogeny-recapitulates-phylogeny could well have relevance for the emergence of vomerolfaction in this transitional group. 

Cappello P., Tarozzo G., Benedetto A. and Fasolo A. (1999). Proliferation and apoptosis in the mouse vomeronasal organ during ontogeny. Neurosci Lett 266, 37-40. 

Crowell-Davis S. and Houpt K. (1985). The ontogeny of flehmen in horses. Anim Behav 33, 739-745. 

Kratzing J.E. (1986). Morphological maturation of the olfactory epithelia of Australian marsupials. In Ontogeny of Olfaction (Breipohl W., ed.). Springer, Berlin, pp. 57-70. 

Kulkami-Narla A., Getchell T.V. and Getchell M.L. (1997). Differential expression of manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases in the olfactory and vomeronasal receptor neurons of rats during ontogeny. J Comp Neurol 381, 31-40. 

Meyer D.L., Jadhao A. Bhargava S. and Kicliter E. (1996). Bulbar representation of the water-nose during Xenopus ontogeny. Neurosci Lett 220, 109-112. 

Ranson E. and Beach F.A. (1985). Effects of testosterone on ontogeny of urinary behavior in male and female dogs. Horn Behav 19, 36-51. 

Ronnekliev O. and Resko J.A. (1990). Ontogeny of GnRH-containing neurons in early fetal development of rhesus macaques. Endocrinology 126, 498-511. 

Thompson K.V. (1995b). Ontogeny of flehmen in Sable Antelope, Hippotragus niger. Ethology 101, 213-221. 

Moore MA, Metcalf D. Ontogeny of the haemopoietic system yolk sac origin of in vivo and in vitro colony forming cells in the developing mouse embryo. Br J Haematol 1970 18(3) 279-296. 

JM Wolosin, M Chen. (1993). Ontogeny of corneal epithelial tight junctions Stratal locale of biosynthetic activities. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34 2655-2664. 

Bruinink A., Lichtensteiger W., Schlumpf M. (1983). Ontogeny of diurnal rhythms of central dopamine, serotonin and spirodecanone binding sites and of motor activity in the rat. Life Sci. 33(1), 31-8. 

Oyama, S. (1985), The Ontogeny of Information, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Apis mellifera Q-MG Delays worker foraging ontogeny reduces tbeir hemolymph JH titre (2E)-9-Oxodec-2-enoic acid 52, (2 E)-9-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid (71% (R)-(-)) 53, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 54, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol 55 (collectively called queen mandibular pheromone QMP ) [138]... 

The queen is usually reproductively dominant within the colony and uses chemical cues as both primer and releaser pheromones to suppress the production or fecundity of other sexuals, inhibit reproduction by worker castes, modulate reproductive behaviors (e.g., inhibit swarming and orient swarms), attract males, regulate worker tasks and worker ontogeny, and produce host repellents in slave-making species. Considering the importance of queen semiochemicals in social hymenoptera, few queen pheromones have been chemically identified. The queens of most social hymenopteran colonies are attractive to workers, allowing them to be properly tended as well as to facilitate the dissemination of other pheromone cues. However, the retinue pheromone has been chemically identified in very few species. In the 1980s, queen pheromone components were identified in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta [91,92], and in the Pharaoh s ant, Monomoriumpharaonis [93]. 

Shneider, B. L., et al. Cloning and molecular characterization of the ontogeny of a rat ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. J. 

Bioheart. Genesis R D Corp. Ontogeny (VITEX). Vaccinex... 

Fleet, J.C. and C.C. McCormick. 1988. The ontogeny and induction of zinc by hepatic chick embryo metallothionein. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med. 188 52-60. 

Ostrander, G.K., M.L. Landolt, and R.M. Kocan. 1988. The ontogeny of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) behavior following embryonic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. Aquat. Toxicol. 13 325-346. 

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