Rhesus macaque

Seggewiss R, Pittaluga S, Adler RL, Guenaga FJ, Ferguson C, Pilz I, Ryu B, Sorrentino BP, Young WS, Donahue RE, von Kalle C, Nienhuis AW, Dunbar CE (2006) Acute myeloid leukemia associated with retroviral gene transfer to hematopoietic progenitor cells of a rhesus macaque. Blood 107 3865-3867... 

The natural killer cells (NK) are the host s primary innate immune responders against viral infections. Studies have shown morphine to suppress the cytolytic activity of NK cells (Shavit et al. 2004). In vivo studies carried out in the Indian rhesus macaques looked at chronic morphine administration and SIV the equivalent of HIV in apes. This group concluded that morphine contributed to the pathogenesis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection and that this contribution occurred in conjunction with the replication of viral proteins including Tat (Noel and Kumar 2006 Noel et al. 2006). 

Nelson CJ, Carrigan KA, Lysle DT (2000) Naltrexone administration attenuates surgery-induced immune alterations in rats. J Surg Res 94(2) 172-177 Noel RJ Jr, Kumar A (2006) Virus replication and disease progression inversely correlate with SIV tat evolution in morphine-dependent and SIV/SHIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques. Virology 346(1) 127-138... 

Kumar R, Torres C, Yamamura Y, Rodriguez 1, Martinez M, Staprans S, Donahoe RM, Kraiselburd E, Stephens EB, Kumar A (2004) Modulation by morphine of viral set point in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian-human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 78 11425-11428... 

Kumar R, Orsoni S, Norman L, Verma AS, Tirado G, Giavedoni LD, Staprans S, Miller GM, Buch SJ, Kumar A (2006) Chronic morphine exposure causes pronounced virus replication in cerebral compartment and accelerated onset of AIDS in SIV/SHIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques. Virology 354 192-206... 

Marcario JK, Riazi M, Adany I, Kenjale H, Fleming K, Marquis J, Nemon O, Mayo MS, Yankee T, Narayan O, Cheney PD (2008) Effect of morphine on the neuropathogenesis of SlVmac infection in Indian Rhesus Macaques. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 3 12-25 Mattson MP, Haughey NJ, Nath A (2005) CeU death in HIV dementia. Cell Death Differ 12 893-904 Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, Rana F, Nath A, Power C (1998) HlV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha implications for HIV-induced neurological disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 5 184-192... 

Finocchio DV, Luschei ES, Mottet NK, Body RL. 1980. Effects of methylmercury on the visual system of the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatto). I. Pharmacokinetics of chronic methylmercury related to changes in vision and behavior. In Merigan WH, Weiss B, editors. Neurotoxicity of the visual system. New York Raven Press, p. 113-122. 

Ronnekliev O. and Resko J.A. (1990). Ontogeny of GnRH-containing neurons in early fetal development of rhesus macaques. Endocrinology 126, 498-511. 

Witkin J.W. (1987). Immunocytochemical demonstration of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone in optic nerve and nasal region of fetal rhesus macaque. Neurosci Lett 79, 73-77. 

Harouse JM, Buckner C, Gettie A, et al. CD8+ T cell-mediated CXC chemokine receptor 4-simian/human immunodeficiency virus suppression in dually infected rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003 100(19) 10977-10982. 

Westmoreland SV, Alvarez X, deBakker C, et al. Developmental expression patterns of CCR5 and CXCR4 in the rhesus macaque brain. J Neuroimmunol 2002 122 146-158. 

Napier C, Sale H, Mosley M, et al. Molecular cloning and radioligand binding characterization of the chemokine receptor CCR5 from rhesus macaque and human. Biochem Pharmacol 2005 71 163-172. 

McNulty, W.P. 1985. Toxicity and fetotoxicity of TCDD, TCDF, and PCB isomers in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatto). Environ. Health Perspec. 60 77-88. 

Sullivan KA, Witkin JW, Ferin M, Silverman AJ (1995) GnRH neurons in the rhesus macaque are not immunoreactive for the estrogen receptor. Brain Res 685 198-200... 

Smith, D.G. (1995) Avoidance of close consanguineous inbreeding in captive groups of rhesus macaques. Am. J. Primatol. 35, 31—40. 

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