Immune system ontogeny

In recognition of the increased vulnerability of the developing organism, both the U.S. EPA Food Quality Protection Act [77] and the U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Act [78] mandate that infants and children warrant special consideration in the risk assessment process. Immune system ontogeny and the sensitivity of the developing immune system to xenobiotics are discussed in detail in chapter 20 of this volume. 

Smialowicz RJ, Brundage KM, Barnett JB. Immune system ontogeny and developmental immunotoxicology. In Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology, 3rd eds., edited by Luebke R, House R, Kimber I, pp. 327-345. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 2007. 

The sensitivity of the developing immune system to TCDD has been recognized for quite some time.105 106 However, the period of time during immune ontogeny that is most sensitive to disruption by TCDD has not been identified, and differences in the endpoints examined, the dose of TCDD, and the time period of exposure to TCDD (continuous,... 

Silva, I. A. et al., Prenatal HgCl2 exposure in BALB/c mice gender-specific effects on the ontogeny of the immune system, Develop. Compar. Immunol., 29, 171, 2005. 

Goldman, A.S. 2002. Evolution of the mammary gland defense system and the ontogeny of the immune system. J. Mamm. Gland Biol. Neoplasia. 1, 277-289. 

DALMO R A (2005) Ontogeny of the fish immune system. Fish Shellfish Immunology, 19,395-396. 

More than 0.5x10 / neutrophils are achieved at a median of 10-14 days after transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells, 21-28 days after marrow infusion, and 25-35 days when umbilical cord blood is the hematopoietic source. A self-sustained platelet count above 20x10 / is usually reached 5 days to 3 weeks after neutrophil recovery. Full immune reconstitution is slow and takes several months. CD4+ cell counts are low after transplantation. B-cell production and function are also impaired after the procedure. New ontogeny of the immune system after allogeneic transplantation requires vaccination against the most common pathogens, once the ability to effectively produce antibodies is restored. 

ZAPATA A, DIEZ B, CEJALVo T, GUTifiRREZ-DE frIas c, CORTES A (2006), Ontogeny of the immune system of fish . Fish Shellfish Immunol, 20,126-36. 

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