Oklahoma coals

Glenn C. Soth. Was manganese distribution studied I have encountered an Oklahoma coal (medium volatile) with manganese high enough to interfere with the usual Eschka sulfur determination. 

Characterization of Organosulfur Compounds in Oklahoma Coals by Pyrolysis—Gas Chromatography... 

The eastern Oklahoma coals were obtained from the Oklahoma Geological Survey Organic Petrography Laboratory where they had been crushed to -20 mesh and analysed on an as received basis (Table I). The whole, crushed coals were extracted for 48 hours with a 1 1 (v/v) mixture of chloroform/methanol using a soxhlet apparatus. Exhaustive extraction ensures that soluble compounds are removed and that the compounds produced during pyrolysis are derived from the organic matrix of the coal. 

Figure 3. A typical FPD pyrogram of an Oklahoma coal with tentative identifications of organosulfur compounds. Peak numbers refer to compounds listed in Table II. (GC conditions are given in the text for all of the chromatograms shown in Figures 3-9) ...

Comparison of the organosulfur compounds produced by pyrolysis of eastern Oklahoma coals from within one seam shows that lower rank (lower calorific value) coals consistently yield high concentrations of thiophenes relative to benzo- and dibenzothiophenes. Pyrolysates of higher rank coals contain lower concentrations of organosulfur compounds than coals of lower rank and are dominated by dibenzothiophenes. Coals of similar rank (e.g. 517 and 512) from different seams yield markedly different distributions of organosulfur compounds upon pyrolysis, suggesting that the distribution is controlled by source material as well as maturity. 

Pyrolysis of Oklahoma coals with a broad range of total sulfur content produce a variety of organosulfur compounds including parent compounds and alkyl... 

Paige, W. A. 5th Synth. Fuels from Coal Conf., Oklahoma State Unlv., (1975) May. 

Akhtar, Sayeed, Mazzocco, Nestor J., Weintraub, Murray, and Yavorsky, Paul M. SYNTHOIL Process for Converting Coal to Nonpolluting Fuel Oil. Presented at the 4th Synthetic Fuels from Coal Conference of the Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, May 6-7, 1974. 

In the wake of precarious supplies of petroleum, the need to turn to the abundant reserves of coal as an energy base can hardly be overemphasized. However, to accomplish the objective of using coal extensively, much research effort in the field of converting coal to environmentally clean and convenient fuel is required. The work presented here is so directed and is a part of the research program, at Oklahoma State University, which has the goal of tailoring catalysts for upgrading of liquids derived from coal. 

The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activities of two Co-Mo-alumina catalysts were tested on two coal derived liquids using a trickle bed reactor system. The two liquids used were Synthoil liquid (high-boiling stock) and Raw Anthracene Oil (low-boiling stock). One of the two catalysts was prepared in the laboratory at Oklahoma State University by... 

Extracted coals from eastern Oklahoma were analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography and a flame photometric detector (FPD) to characterize the organosulfur compounds produced by pyrolysis of coals. All coals from the Croweburg seam with calorific values below 13,000 BTU (Table I) were shown to produce similar distributions of organosulfur compounds. The ratio of dibenzothiophenes to thiophenes produced by pyrolysis was shown to be proportional to the calorific value of the coal. 

Figure 1. Map showing the coal-producing area of Oklahoma with outcrop pattern of coals. (Reproduced with permission from reference 25).

Desmoinesian coal seams in eastern Oklahoma (Figure 2), this study will examine only five different coal seams Hartshorne, Stigler, McAlester, Croweburg and Iron Post. 

Iron Post. The Iron Post coal is a high sulfur coal (Table I) from the northeastern Oklahoma shelf, which is associated with pyritic shales. FPD chromatograms of the pyrolysis products of two Iron Post coals of similar rank show that the distributions of organosulfur compounds produced by pyrolysis of these two coals are quite similar (Figure 7). This supports the idea of a relationship between rank and organosulfur compound distribution in the pyrolysates of coals. 

Table II. Organosulfur Compounds Identified in the Pyrolysates of Coals from Eastern Oklahoma...

Friedman S.A. Investigation of the Coal Reserves in the Ozarks Section of Oklahoma and Their Potential Uses. Final Report to the Ozark Regional Commission Oklahoma Geological Survey Norman, Oklahoma, 1974 pp 1-30. 

TUB-825 — U.S. origin. Collected in Oklahoma, on Coal Creek, west of Stewart, in 1977. Maintained (accession PI 435893) by USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources System, NCRPIS, Ames, IA 50011, U.S. Maintained by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro (Cat. 1241). 

The agreement between the two analyses regarding the percentage saturates in the asphaltene neutrals is satisfactory as follows. The Oklahoma State University (OSU) value of 3.9% was obtained from silica gel chromatography of the pentane-soluble (88.2%) asphaltene neutrals and, hence, represents a lower limit for the percentage saturates in the asphaltene neutrals. The value of 5.2% results from a proprietary Exxon saturate/aromatic hydrocarbon EI/MS technique developed for low-boiling coal liquids. 

This approach concerns recovering COj from sources that contain it in much higher concentrations than the atmosphere. The technology (flue gas scrubbing) is available, for example, in a 300 MW coal-fired power plant at Shady Point in Oklahoma where 2001 of CO2 are removed daily from the flue gases [1]. The question then arises what can one do with the... 

The ash samples from Oklahoma, Missouri and Illinois contain the highest concentration of Pb, Zn and Fe of the nine samples analyzed. This likely represents secondary enrichment of the coals as a result of a regional Pb—Zn mineralization that occurs in this province. 

The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. (1994). Hydrocarbons from Coal. AAPG Studies in Geology 38. Tulsa, Oklahoma. Edited by Ben Lae and Dudley D. Rice. 

U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research Center, "Thermal Data on Gasifier Streams from Synthane Tests Calculated Efficiency of Coal-to-Gas Conversion," Bartlesville, Oklahoma, November 1973,... 

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