Oklahoma

The fusion of hydrogen into helium provides the energy of the hydrogen bomb. The helium content of the atmosphere is about 1 part in 200,000. While it is present in various radioactive minerals as a decay product, the bulk of the Free World s supply is obtained from wells in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The only known helium extraction plants, outside the United States, in 1984 were in Eastern Europe (Poland), the USSR, and a few in India. 

Tripoli. TripoH [1317-95-9] is a fine grained, porous, decomposed siHceous rock produced mainly in Arkansas, Illinois, and Oklahoma. It is widely used for polishing and buffing metals, lacquer finishing, and plated products. Since tripoH particles are rounded, not sharp, it has a mild abrasive action particularly suited for polishing. TripoH is also used in toothpastes, in jewelry polishing, and as filler in paints, plastics, and mbber. Rottenstone and amorphous siHca are similar to tripoH and find the same uses. In 1987 the abrasive use of tripoH in the United States totaled 26.6 million tons and was valued at about 3.1 million however, the portion used as a filler totaled 71.1 million tons and had a value of almost 10 million (4). 

S. Uimasch and co-workers, "Transit Bus Operation with a DDC 6V-92TAC Engine Operating on Ignition-Improved Methanol," SME Paper 902161, (SP-840), SME Int. Fuels and Eubricants Meeting and Expo. (Tulsa, Oklahoma, Oct. 22—23,1990). 

J. M. Godwiu, Masters Thesis, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1950. 

J. E. Gilliland, M.S. tEesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 1960. 

Inc., Allentown, Peimsylvania MarChem, Inc., Houston, Texas Ozark-Mahoning, Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma and PCR, Inc., Gainesville, Florida. 

As shown in Table 8, U.S. distribution of oil and natural gas reserves is centered in Alaska, Cahfomia, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and the U.S. outer-continental shelf. Alaska reserves include both the Pmdhoe Bay deposits and the Cook Inlet fields. Cahfomia deposits include those in Santa Barbara, the Wilmington Eield, the Elk Hills Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 at Bakersfield, and other offshore oil deposits. The Yates Pield, Austin Chalk formation, and Permian Basin are among the producing sources of petroleum and natural gas in Texas. 

The principal source of helium is certain natural gas fields. The helium contents of more than 10,000 natural gases in various parts of the world have been measured (9). Helium concentrations of a few are Hsted in Table 2. In the United States, recovery of helium is economical only for helium-rich gases containing more than about 0.3 vol % belium. Most of the United States helium resources are located in the midcontinent and Rocky Mountain regions, and about 89% of the known United States supply is in the Hugoton field in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas the Keyes field in Oklahoma the Panhandle and Cliffside fields in Texas and the Riley Ridge area in Wyoming (11). 

Cyclohexane is present in all cmde oils in concentrations of 0.1—1.0%. The cycloparaffinic cmde oils, such as those from Nigeria and Venezuela, have high cyclohexane concentrations, and the highly paraffinic cmde oils, such as those from Indonesia. Saudi Arabia, and Pennsylvania, have low concentrations and concentrations of cycloparaffins in cmde oils from Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana tend to fall in between (see Petroleum). 

Pecans. Pecan is the most important horticultural crop native to North America (163). The United States is the only substantial producer of pecan, despite the fact that pecans have been introduced into AustraUa, Israel, South Africa, and Argentina. The principal producing states, from high to low, are Georgia, Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Alabama, Oklahoma, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas, and California. Domestic production of 135,597 t/yr in 1990—1991 was valued at 308,954,500 (153). 

Fort Worth, Tex. Appleton, Wis. Oklahoma City, OHa. Seattie, Wash. 

Technical data, Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp., Oklahoma City, OHa., May 1994. 

J. M. Radovich, Proceedings of Control Power Systems Conference and Exposition, Oklahoma, Mar. 1980, p. 114. 

The other refining centers in the United States are all located near one of the major pipelines that are suppHed either from the Gulf Coast oil fields or from Oklahoma, Texas, or Louisiana fields. The Pacific Northwest refineries were originally suppHed mostly by Canadian production. Currently (ca 1995), these refineries are predominantly suppHed by Alaskan North Slope cmde, which is brought in from Valdez to the refinery ports in tankers. 

N. I. DowHng and J. B. Hyne, 44th Annual Oklahoma Universif Eaurence Reid Gas Conditioning Conference, Norman, OHa., Eeb. 27—Mar. 2,1994. 

Property Kentucky Oklahoma Alabama Texas Sicily Germany... 

Various borate esters are chemostetilants for house flies (51). Tributyl borate, available from Eagle-Picher, Miami, Oklahoma, which is isotopically enriched in boron-10, is being used as a chemical precursor in the synthesis of pharmacologically active boron compounds suitable for boron neutron capture therapy. 

Occurrence. Iodine [7553-56-2] is widely distributed in the Hthosphere at low concentrations (about 0.3 ppm) (32). It is present in seawater at a concentration of 0.05 ppm (33). Certain marine plants concentrate iodine to higher levels than occur in the sea brine these plants have been used for their iodine content. A significant source of iodine is caUche deposits of the Atacama Desert, Chile. About 40% of the free world s iodine was produced in Japan from natural gas wells (34), but production from Atacama Desert caUche deposits is relatively inexpensive and on the increase. By 1992, Chile was the primary world producer. In the United States, underground brine is the sole commercial source of iodine (35). Such brine can be found in the northern Oklahoma oil fields originating in the Mississippian geological system (see Iodine and iodine compounds). 

Later, more concentrated brines of the Midland, Michigan producers displaced the California producers. In 1976, Houston Chemicals began recovery using the blowing-out process from underground brines of the Anadarko Basin in northwestern Oklahoma. Annual capacity was 900 metric tons (38). In 1991, nearly all of the iodine produced was made from Oklahoma brines by a blowing-out process. 

Economic Aspects and Uses. Most of the iodine used in the United States comes from Japan and Chile. The United States produces 10% of the world supply but consumes 30%. Production in Chile appears to be relatively low cost, and the product there presently controls prices. Iodine is produced in Woodward and Vici, Oklahoma. These two locations produce about 30% of the 4000 tons used yearly in the United States. Total world consumption is 10,000 to 12,000 tons per year. Prices range from 20.00/kg in 1988 to 12.5/kg in 1991. 

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