Similarity ranking

These and similar rankings based on more extensive comparisons are summarized in terms of substituents in Table 7.3. 

Table 7.4 lists the Q and e values for an assortment of common monomers. The extremes in the column of e values in Table 7.4—which are listed in order-quantify the range of donor-acceptor properties which is used as the basis for ranking in Fig. 7.2. The Q values perform a similar ranking with respect to resonance effects. The eight different Q-e combinations in Table 7.4 allow the estimation of ri and values for 28 different copolymers. Of course, in these systems Q and e values were assigned to give the best fit to r values which had already been measured. As an illustration of the predictive values of the Q-e scheme, consider the following example ... 

Recent work has suggested that the coals of the Illinois Basin were never buried deeper than about 1500 m. (44), compared with an estimated 3000 m. or more for the coals of western Pennsylvania in the Eastern province. Presumably as a consequence, the coals of the Interior province tend to show low values of vitrinite reflectance and high values of moisture-holding capacity relative to coals of other areas of apparently similar rank (45). 

The first part of this paper has shown that Australian black and brown coals differ significantly in a number of respects from coals of similar ranks from North America and elsewhere in the northern hemisphere. The rest of the paper than proceeded to indicate the progress being made to determine how the characteristics of Australian coals influence their conversion to volatile and liquid products during pyrolysis and hydrogenation. 

This study demonstrate similar ranking of each material independent of test method used. At this stage it is premature to choose one test as a better small scale model of full scale fires. Each method needs further elaboration. 

Berkowitz, N. Fryer, J.F. Ignasiak, B.S. Szladow, A.J. Behaviour Differences Between Carboniferous and Cretaceous Bituminous Coals of Similar Rank. Fuel, 1974, (2), 141. 

Fig. 3.3 Elements of the Euler-Venn diagrams represent compounds that were found among the first 5% of the similarity-ranked list that results from retrospective screening with the (a) COX2, (b) HIV protease and (c) MMP datasets of the COBRA dataset. The Manhattan distance...

Iron Post. The Iron Post coal is a high sulfur coal (Table I) from the northeastern Oklahoma shelf, which is associated with pyritic shales. FPD chromatograms of the pyrolysis products of two Iron Post coals of similar rank show that the distributions of organosulfur compounds produced by pyrolysis of these two coals are quite similar (Figure 7). This supports the idea of a relationship between rank and organosulfur compound distribution in the pyrolysates of coals. 

Comparison of the organosulfur compounds produced by pyrolysis of eastern Oklahoma coals from within one seam shows that lower rank (lower calorific value) coals consistently yield high concentrations of thiophenes relative to benzo- and dibenzothiophenes. Pyrolysates of higher rank coals contain lower concentrations of organosulfur compounds than coals of lower rank and are dominated by dibenzothiophenes. Coals of similar rank (e.g. 517 and 512) from different seams yield markedly different distributions of organosulfur compounds upon pyrolysis, suggesting that the distribution is controlled by source material as well as maturity. 

For the network clustering problem, we used both the simulated annealing and Kernighan-Li (37-39) algorithms. We then applied our feature extraction technique, the combinatory approach on both clusters obtained via these algorithms. The idea is that if the clusters are similar (similarly ranked) in both results, this will help confirm our findings. 

A similar ranking of reliability can be developed for short-term EQSs. 

Side-effects of TCA were compared in double-blind trials in healthy subjects. Marked inhibitory effects on salivary flow declined from amitriptyline through doxepin, Imipramine, nortriptyline to desipramine, paralleling subjective reports of anticholinergic side-effects and reported affinities for muscarinic receptors.74 Similar rankings for sedation and decrements in psychometric performance were obtained in another study ... 

We have to note that the two melamine-urea-formaldehyde boards do not satisfying this theory. This difficulty excepted, the curve family obtained fits without fault. However, we can say that for a loading rate of 0.5, near that used in the foregoing test, we should obtain a similar ranking, in spite of an inversion between two panels. However, a correlation factor between the two gas analysis methods does not exist, because the values are as follows ... 

Parallel relations of options in both diagrams, such as < <, > > and —. E.g., the parallel relation < < means that scenario x < scenario y in HD1 and scenario x < scenario y in HD2. Parallel order relations indicate a similar ranking of options in the two compared Hasse Diagrams and thus there is no evaluation conflict. 

Figure 6 A canoeist navigating a Class III rapid. Can we similarly rank SAR datasets by their difficulty ...

Although the basic chemical features of coal can be qualitatively and in some instances semiquantitatively specified, average-structure models that purportedly reflect statistically preferred molecular structures of coal offer little that advances an understanding of coal. In part, this is due to a continuing paucity of relevant or reliable data and to the procedures used to formulate the constructs. But meaningful representations of molecular structure are currently also precluded by indications that the assumption that underlies average-structure models, namely, that there exists a more or less unique, systematic, rank-dependent, molecular chemistry of coal, is not sustained by the current evidence. Several examples, all drawn from the open literature, are presented to support the view that the chemistry of a coal is heavily influenced by its source materials and early formative history and that coals of similar rank may therefore be chemically much more diverse than is usually supposed. 

The question becomes, then, whether further refinements of models and of the methods used to formulate them are likely to provide the predictive configurations that a systematic rank-dependent molecular chemistry implies, or whether coals of similar rank and petrographic compositions can be so differentiated by their source materials and formative histories so as to make them chemically quite disparate solids. 

---