Saturation percentage

Percentage absolute humidity (percentage saturation) is defined as the ratio of absolute humidity to saturation humidity and is given by 100 H/H, = IQOpiP - p.VlpXP - p)]. 

Percentage saturation The ratio of tJie moisture content of moist air at a given temperature to the moisture content of saturated air at the same temperature. Also known as degree of saturation. 

Moisture content, percentage saturation, and reiative humidity... 

If the percentage saturation of an air sample is less than 100, i.e. it is less than saturated, and it comes into contact with water at the same temperature, there will he a difference in vapour pressures. As a result, some of the water will evaporate. The latent heat required for this change of state will he drawn from the sensible heat of the water, which will he slighdy cooled. This drop in the water temperature provides a temperature difference, and a thermal balance will be reached where the flow of sensible heat from the air to the water (Figure 23.2) provides the latent heat to evaporate a part of it. 

For comfort in normal office or residential occupation, with percentage saturations between 35 and 70%, control of the dry bulb will result in comfortable conditions for most persons. Feelings of personal comfort are as variable as human nature and at any one time 10% of the occupants of a space may feel too hot and 10% too cold, while the 80% majority are comfortable. Such variations frequently arise from lack or excess of local air movement, or proximity to cold windows, rather than an extreme of temperature or moisture content. 

Air will leave the evaporator section with a reduced moisture content, but at a low temperature and high percentage saturation. In this state, it may not be effective in removing moisture from any subsequent process, as it will be too cold. 

In addition to molecular weight, percentage saturation of the standard Daylight fingerprint has been used to describe the degree of molecular functionality [78]. Compounds with saturation outside a certain range (e.g., <10% and >60% saturation) can be excluded in order to remove overly simple or complicated molecules that would otherwise pass a simple molecular weight cutoff. 

Figure 16.6. Rates of drying of various materials as a function of percentage saturation. A-60 xm glass spheres, bed 51 mm deep. B-23.5 xm silica flour, bed 51 mm deep. C-7.5 xm silica flour, bed 51 mm deep. D-2.5 xm silica flour, bed 65 mm deep. Subscripts 1. Low drying rate 2. High drying rate...

The pulse oximeter is a non-invasive device used to monitor the percentage saturation of haemoglobin (Hb) with oxygen (Spo2). The underlying physical principle that allows this calculation to take place is that infrared light is absorbed to different degrees by the oxy and deoxy forms of Hb. 

Weigh the amount of ammonium sulfate to be added. The amount depends on the volume of the solution and the percentage saturation of the salt needed. Refer to the precipitation chart. In case of protein purification, a step precipitation is carried out. 

Efficacy is appreciated clinically and has two distinct components. Initially there is reversal in the impaired effort tolerance that parallels regeneration of the haemoglobin levels. This is followed by a longer period when cognitive function gradually improves after stores are reconstituted. Oral iron typically needs to be given between 3 and 6 months and certainly until both percentage saturation of transferrin and serum, or preferably red cell, ferritin are normal. It is furthermore prudent that treated indi-... 

Precipitation methods are popular first steps in purification of proteins because they can be carried out on a large "batch" scale. The amounts of ammonium sulfate used are often expressed as percentage saturation, i.e., as a percentage of the amount required to saturate the solution (4.1 M at 25°). Convenient tables are available12 78 that permit one to weigh out the correct amount of solid ammonium sulfate to give a desired percentage saturation or to go from one... 

Important chemical characteristics of the soil include the total exchange capacity for cations, expressed as total meq of cations per 100 gm of soil, and the base status, which is the percentage saturation of the negative charge with cations such as calcium, magnesium and sodium. The more productive soils are about 80% saturated with calcium and magnesium. Excessive hydrogen and aluminum saturation (much over 15%) is termed soil acidity. Excess sodium saturation (12% or more) leads to dispersiveness of the soil and poor productivity. 

Fig. 5.13 Plot of percentage saturation against time for the equipment of Fig. 5.12 with an agitator speed of 5 Hz and an air sparge rate of 1 L mirr1.

Toluene is evaporated into dry air. The resulting mixture at 40°C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa has a percentage saturation of 50%. It is desired to condense 80% of the toluene in the mixture by a process of cooling and compressing. If the temperature is reduced to 5°C, determine the pressure to which gas must be compressed. 

The agreement between the two analyses regarding the percentage saturates in the asphaltene neutrals is satisfactory as follows. The Oklahoma State University (OSU) value of 3.9% was obtained from silica gel chromatography of the pentane-soluble (88.2%) asphaltene neutrals and, hence, represents a lower limit for the percentage saturates in the asphaltene neutrals. The value of 5.2% results from a proprietary Exxon saturate/aromatic hydrocarbon EI/MS technique developed for low-boiling coal liquids. 

Ignoring any contribution of the protein itself to the ionic strength, as is customary, r/2 is proportional to the percentage saturation P at a fixed temperature. Therefore we may write Eq. (2) as... 

Variation of temperature introduces a difficulty in the use of percentage saturation as a measure of salt concentration, since the solubility of the salt will vary with temperature. Some data for ammonium sulfate are given by Taylor (1953). It would be preferable always to state the actual concentration of salt, for example as molarity. 

A survey of the literature of enzyme purification suggests that there has been uncertainty as to the most satisfactory salt concentration increment to use at each step. The theory that we have discussed provides some guidance on this point. It would appear that a span of from 5 to 10 in the percentage saturation with ammonium sulfate, if properly chosen, should provide the best compromise between good purification and good yield. It also appears that repetition of salt fractionation under the same conditions is unlikely to be very useful, but that repetition under different conditions may contribute a considerable further purification. 

Absolute" Saturation (Humidity) Percentage Saturation (Humidity)... 

Coc,opium alkaloids,quinine, cinchonine,caffei ne Separation by means of dynamic coating HPLC Corasil I and II,dynamically coated with Poly G-300(2 ) 1000x1 Heptane-EtOH(l l) with different percentage saturation with Poly G-300 2... 

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