Oilseed crops peanut

Et Et -CH2OCH3 Alachlor 15972-60-8 Maize, soybeans, sorghum, sugarcane, oilseed crops, peanuts... 

Soybeans are the predominant oilseed crop in the world, providing one-half of the total oilseed production (Table 7). Cottonseed is second. Worldwide, rapeseed is in third place, but this is stiU a minor oilseed in the United States. Peanuts and sunflower are fourth and fifth, respectively. Since becoming estabhshed as a crop in the United States, soybeans have shown phenomenal growth and contribute significantly to the agricultural economy (Table 8). 

Eight major oilseed crops traded in international markets account for more than 95% of the world s vegetable oil. These include soybean, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, rapeseed, flaxseed, copra and palm kernel. Soybean is unique among these oilseed crops in that it also contains about 40% dry weight protein. Because of the large amounts of both oil and protein, soybean has dominated world oilseed production. The US, Brazil and China produce most of the world s soybean crop and as a widely traded commodity it is available throughout the world as a cheap source of quality protein and oil. 

To date, the United States has not produced sizable quantities of rape-seed, probably because the agronomic conditions there are highly suitable for growing other oilseed crops, such as soybean, peanut, and cottonseed. Nevertheless, there are relatively large areas in the Midwestern United States and Alaska which are suitable for rapeseed production, and one may expect to find this oilseed crop to gain broader acceptance in the future. 

Rapeseed ranks fifth in world production of oilseed crops, surpassed only by soybean, sunflower seed, cottonseed, and peanut. It is a major source of dietary fat in many countries. Fifty countries are known to import rapeseed oil and 16 countries are major producers. Rapeseed oil has been used by humans for many centuries as a safe and acceptable dietary source of vegetable oil. 

Plants like soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, peanut, oil palm, and coconut contain a high fraction of lipids and are referred to as oilseed crops. Vegetable oils have a long... 

In the United States, peanuts are almost entirely a human food and not an oilseed crop eis such, since so small a proportion of the crop is processed for oil and protein concentrate. 

On a worldwide basis peanuts are one of the largest oilseed crops. In recent years there have been significant increases in the production of peanuts in Brazil. Comparisons of the cultivation of peanuts in different countries are given in Table II (230). 

Oilseed crops are major agricultural commodities grown globally. Total world oilseed production was about 450 milhon tonnes during the 2010-2011 crop year (USDA, 2011). It is expected that oilseed production will increase to 460 million tonnes in 2011-2012. About 376 million tonnes of oilseeds were crushed for oil in 2010. Currently rapeseed, canola, soybean, cottonseed, peanuts and sunflower seed are the most important commercial oilseeds. 

U.S. exports of the other oilseeds are smaller and foUow different patterns (50). Exports accounted for only 2—3% of the cottonseed crop and 16—31% of the processed oil production for 1991—1994. Of the peanut crop ca one-half is consumed domestically as whole nut products and 15—20% is exported. Only about 10% of the sunflower seed crop is exported. From 1991 to 1994 an average of 70% of the oil was exported, but only about 11% of the meal was shipped overseas. 

A wide variety of crop selective compounds has been discovered within this class of compounds. The sulfonylurea herbicides shown in Table 1 are used in wheat, barley, oats, soybeans, rice, com, and oilseed rape (canola), with socialized uses in flax, peanuts, and pasture grasses. In addition, analogs with significant selectivity to sugarbeets, cotton, and other crops have been noted in greenhouse studies at Du Pont. 

Extracting the Oil. Oil, primarily for human food, is extracted from several rich oil-bearing seeds among them, soybeans, coconuts, cottonseed, linseed, peanuts, rapeseed, safflower seed, sesame seed, and sunflower seed. The oil is extracted from these seeds by one of the following basic processes or modifications thereof solvent extraction, hydraulic extraction, or expeller extraction. For purposes of illustration, all three processes are discussed relative to soybeans, since soybeans are the most widely used oilseed in the United States, and since the principles involved in processing all oilseeds are essentially the same. However, it should be noted that little of the U. S. soybean crop is processed via hydraulic or expeller extraction. 

Plant oils are derived mainly from (1) dry, hull-covered, row crop seeds (soybeans, rapeseed/ canola, cottonseed, peanuts, sunflower seed, and others) (2) the kernels of hard-shell nuts and (3) pulpy flesh surrounding seeds (olive, palm, and avocado). Additionally, coconut flesh dried into copra, corn germ from dry or wet-milling processes, and bran from rice-polishing operations are rich in oil content and are handled somewhat like row crop oilseeds. 

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